Signal transducing adaptor protein

Much of the specificity of signal transduction depends on the recruitment of several signalling components such as protein kinases and G-protein GTPases into short-lived active complexes in response to an activating signal such as a growth factor binding to its receptor. ==Domains==

Adaptor proteins usually contain several domains within their structure (e.g., Src homology 2 (SH2) and SH3 domains) that allow specific interactions with several other specific proteins. SH2 domains recognise specific amino acid sequences within proteins containing phosphotyrosine residues and SH3 domains recognise proline-rich sequences within specific peptide sequence contexts of proteins. There are many other types of interaction domains found within adaptor and other signalling proteins that allow a rich diversity of specific and coordinated protein–protein interactions to occur within the cell during signal transduction. ==Examples of adaptor proteins==

Adaptor proteins include: • BCAR3 – Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 3 • CBL – Casitas B-lineage Lymphoma • FRS2 – Fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 • GAB2 – GRB2-associated binding protein 2 • GRAP – GRB2-related adaptor protein • GRAP2 – GRB2-related adaptor protein 2 • GRB2 – Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 • IRS1 – Insulin receptor substrate 1 • LDLRAP1 – low-density lipoprotein receptor adaptor protein 1 • MYD88 - Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 • NCDN - Neurochondrin • NCK1 – NCK adaptor protein 1 • NCK2 – NCK adaptor protein 2 • NOS1AP – nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal) adaptor protein • PIK3AP1 – phosphoinositide-3-kinase adaptor protein 1 • SH2B1 – SH2B adaptor protein 1 • SH2B2 – SH2B adaptor protein 2 • SH2B3 – SH2B adaptor protein 3 • SH2D3A -SH2 domain containing 3A • SH2D3C – SH2 domain containing 3C • SNTA1 – Syntrophin, alpha 1 • SHB – Src homology 2 domain containing adaptor protein B • SLC4A1AP – solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1, adaptor protein == See also ==