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Silvia Baraldini

Silvia Baraldini is an Italian political activist. From the age of 12, she lived in the United States and became a student radical. She joined the Prairie Fire Organizing Committee and the May 19th Communist Organization, groups which aimed to support Black Power and Puerto Rican independence movements. In 1977, Baraldini acted as spokesperson for the protestors outside the court during the trial of Assata Shakur and two years later, she helped to break Shakur out of jail, driving a getaway car. In 1982, she was arrested and imprisoned on a 43-year sentence under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) for conspiring to commit armed robberies. Baraldini was held in a purpose-built High Security Unit (HSU) in the Federal Medical Center in Lexington, Kentucky which also housed two other women, Susan Rosenberg and Alejandrina Torres. Conditions in the unit were criticized by Amnesty International and it was closed by judicial order.

Activism
Silvia Pia Baraldini was born on December 12, 1947, in Rome, Italy. When she was 12, her parents moved the family to the US, first to the Bronx in New York City and then to Washington, D.C. Baraldini attended the Woodrow Wilson High School and then enrolled at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1965. She became a student radical, joining Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). After university, Baraldini continued her political activism, participating in the Panther 21 defense committee and joining the Prairie Fire Organizing Committee. At the retrial of Assata Shakur, also in 1977, Baraldini acted as spokesperson for the protestors outside the court. Two years later, Baraldini was involved with the project to break Shakur out of jail, driving a getaway car. Baraldini and Shakur introduced Buck to the New Afrikan activist Sekou Odinga, and the four devised a group called the Family, in which the black members would rob banks to fund revolutionary struggles and the white members would support them. The Black Liberation Army (BLA) participants were Shakur, Odinga, Mtayari Shabaka Sundiata, Kuwasi Balagoon and Tyrone Rison; they decided upon the robberies and the M19 team of Baraldini, Buck, Clark and Rosenberg provided logistical support by buying firearms and driving the getaway vehicles. The M19 participants emphasised that they did not want to harm people and they were upset when on June 2, 1981, a security guard was shot dead by Rison when the Family robbed a Brink's armored car as it delivered cash to a Chase Manhattan bank in the Bronx. On October 20, 1981, the Family carried out another armed robbery in Nanuet, New York. It was not successful and two police officers and a security guard were shot dead. By tracing the license plates on the getaway cars, the police were able to track down some of the gang members. Baraldini married fellow activist Tim Blunk to avoid the possibility of deportation to Italy and acted as a spokesperson for the arrestees before she herself was arrested a year later. ==Arrest and conviction==
Arrest and conviction
On November 9, 1982, Baraldini was arrested on the street in New York City close to her home on the Upper West Side. Human rights activists objected to the length of Baraldini's sentence. She also received publicity when she was placed alongside Susan Rosenberg and Alejandrina Torres (a FALN member) in a purpose-built underground prison called the High Security Unit (HSU) at the Federal Medical Center in Lexington, Kentucky. The prisoners were kept shackled, monitored by CCTV, repeatedly strip-searched, permitted little reading material, saw no daylight and had restricted time with visitors. Amnesty International condemned the SHU and called for it to be shut down. The women were told by the prison officers that unless they renounced their politics, they would stay in the unit indefinitely. Baraldini was held in the SHU for almost two years, until it was declared illegal by a judge and closed. She developed uterine cancer there, which was later treated in a prison in Minnesota. Afterwards she was moved to a control unit at the Federal Correctional Institution, Marianna in Florida. ==Repatriation==
Repatriation
Italy first requested that Baraldini serve the rest of her sentence in her country of birth in 1989. It made further submissions ito the US in 1992, 1993, 1995, and 1997. The US refused to consider the requests on the grounds that she showed no remorse for her crimes. She was visited in 1991 at Marianna prison by the Italian judge Giovanni Falcone. In Italy, pressure grew for her repatriation. President Francesco Cossiga and Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti both addressed the issue with President George H. W. Bush, then Prime Minister Massimo D'Alema spoke to Bill Clinton. Baraldini was pardoned in 2006 by Minister of Justice Clemente Mastella. Antonio Bellia released a documentary entitled ''Ore d'aria – La vita di Silvia Baraldini (Hours outside: The life of Silvia Baraldini) in 2002, then Margo Pelletier and Lisa Thomas released the film Freeing Silvia Baraldini in 2009. The newspaper La Stampa'' reported in 2011 that she was living quietly in Rome, working in support of migrants through the Associazione Ricreativa e Culturale Italiana (ARCI). ==References==
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