Sino-Korean vocabulary

Sino-Korean vocabulary or Hanjaeo refers to Korean words of Chinese origin. Sino-Korean vocabulary includes words borrowed directly from Chinese, as well as new Korean words created from Chinese characters, and words borrowed from Sino-Japanese vocabulary. Many of these terms were borrowed during the height of Chinese-language literature on Korean culture. Subsequently, many of these words have also been truncated or altered for the Korean language.

History

The use of Classical and Literary Chinese and Chinese characters in Korea dates back to at least 194 BCE. While Sino-Korean words were widely used during the Three Kingdoms period, they became even more popular during the Silla period. During this time, male aristocrats changed their given names to Sino-Korean names. Additionally, the government changed all official titles and place names in the country to Sino-Korean. Sino-Korean words remained popular during the Goryeo and Joseon periods. == Usage ==

Usage

Sino-Korean words constitute a large portion of South Korean vocabulary, the remainder being native Korean words and loanwords from other languages, such as Japanese and English to a lesser extent. Sino-Korean words are typically used in formal or literary contexts, and to express abstract or complex ideas. All Korean surnames and most Korean given names are Sino-Korean. == Examples ==

Examples

Words borrowed from Chinese Sino-Korean words borrowed directly from Chinese come mainly from Chinese classics, literature, and colloquial Chinese. Words created in Korea using Chinese characters These words below were created in Korea using Chinese characters. They are not used in China, Japan, nor Vietnam. Words borrowed from Sino-Japanese Sino-Korean words borrowed from Sino-Japanese are used only in Korean and Japanese, not in Chinese. == Phonetic correspondences ==

Phonetic correspondences

Initial consonants Final consonants The Middle Chinese final consonants were semivowels (or glides) /j/ and /w/, nasals /m/, /n/ and /ŋ/, and stops /p/, /t/ and /k/. Sino-Korean preserves all the distinctions between final nasals and stops. Although Old Korean had a /t/ coda, words with the Middle Chinese coda /t/ have /l/ in Sino-Korean, reflecting a northern variety of Late Middle Chinese in which final /t/ had weakened to /r/. ==See also==

Source: Wikipedia ↗

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