Slaughter Slough

About 50 Euro-American settlers from perhaps a dozen families were living along the east shore of Lake Shetek in August 1862. There were also a few single men. Prior to the hostilities the settlers had traded with the local eastern Dakota people. Some spoke the Dakota language passably. ==The Dakota==

The growing Euro-American population, however, was making it increasingly difficult for the easternmost Dakota people to pursue their traditional lifestyle. Resettlement on reservations, treaty violations by the United States, and late or unfair annuity payments by Indian agents caused increasing hunger and hardship among the Dakota. Pushed to the breaking point, a council of Dakota leaders decided to wage war on the whites on August 17, 1862. The declaration of war reached White Lodge and Lean Grizzly Bear, the chiefs of two bands living northwest of Lake Shetek. Their villages were Sisseton Dakota, a sub-tribe still living outside the reservation. They had not been signatory to any treaties with the United States. About 40 warriors and a few women set out to remove "white" encroachment on their land. A third Sisseton band, headed by Old Pawn, was camped near the Wrights' cabin at the south end of the Lake Shetek settlement. ==The attack==

On the morning of Wednesday, August 20, 1862, the eastern Dakota entered the settlement from the north. At the first farm they simply trampled through the cornfield and vandalized a fence, leaving the Meyers family perplexed but unharmed. At the next farm, the Hurds', circumstances changed. Phineas Hurd and another settler were long overdue from scouting land in Dakota Territory. Now his wife Alomina recognized that one of the Dakota men was riding her husband's horse. Some of the men followed her into the dwelling, which woke one of her two children. John Voigt, a hired hand, carried the crying toddler outside. Without warning one of the Sisseton killed Voigt while not harming the child. Many more attackers then looted the farm. Mrs. Hurd was told that she and the children would be spared if she didn't warn the other settlers. Refusing them to take provisions, some attackers escorted the Hurds from home and pointed them in the direction of New Ulm. The Sisseton next arrived at the Andreas and Mariah Koch farm, German immigrants with no children. Andreas was asked to bring water from the well and was then shot from behind. Mariah, emerging from the dwelling, was told to flee, and ran unhindered to a neighbor's. John Voigt and Andreas Koch were the only people killed within the settlement. Voigt had recently angered some Sisseton, and Koch had poor relations with them due to his broken English. Conversely both Andrew Meyers and Alomina Hurd had been friendly with the Native Americans and spoke their language, which she credited for her and her children being spared. At the beginning of the attack the victims may have been the target of specific grudges. ==The settlers flee==

Two chance visitors to the Hurd cabin spread the alarm about the coming attack. Charlie Hatch was living with his sister Almira Everett and her family at the south end of the settlement. He went to borrow the Hurds' oxen and found John Voigt's body and the looted dwelling. Running back to tell the others, he saw the Dakota around the Koch farm. Afterwards the bands went west crossing into Yankton land. There Yankton Chief Struck-by-the-Ree offered to trade horses for the captives, but was turned down. Conveying his unhappiness to the Santee they headed north. One hundred miles north of Fort Pierre a fur trader ran into them and offered to trade goods for the captives. He was turned down being informed they would only trade for horses. He continued to Fort Pierre with that information. There a band of Two Kettles Lakota, self named the Strong Hearts, decided to secure their release. They caught up with the Sisseton and offered a horse a piece for the release of each woman and child. They were scoffed at. The Lakota replied either take the horses or fight. They returned the captives to Fort Pierre only to be imprisoned for their effort. Some died awaiting a determination. ==Aftermath==

Abraham Lincoln authorized the execution of the eastern Dakota involved in the massacres and kidnapping during the uprising, but those involved at Lake Shetek escaped to the plains. William Duley requested to be the executioner in Mankato, December 26, 1862, for the loss of his children. ==References==