The soft palate is moveable, consisting of
muscle fibers sheathed in
mucous membrane. It is responsible for closing off the
nasal passages during the act of
swallowing, and also for closing off the airway. During sneezing, it protects the nasal passage by diverting a portion of the excreted substance to the mouth. In
humans, the
uvula hangs from the end of the soft palate. Touching the uvula or the end of the soft palate evokes a strong
gag reflex in most people.
Speech A speech sound made with the middle part of the
tongue (dorsum) touching the soft palate is known as a
velar consonant. It is possible for the soft palate to retract and elevate during speech to separate the oral cavity (mouth) from the nasal cavity in order to produce the oral speech sounds. When the soft palate is lowered, air can flow freely through the nasal cavity, thus producing the
nasal speech sounds, such as [m], [n] and [ŋ].
Modelling Within the microstructure of the soft palate lie a variety of variably-oriented fibers that create a nonuniform surface with a nonuniform density distribution. The tissue has been characterized as viscoelastic, nonlinear, and anisotropic in the direction of the fibers.
Young modulus values range from 585 Pa at the posterior free edge of the soft palate to 1409 Pa where the soft palate attaches to the maxilla. These properties are useful when quantifying the effects of corrective orthopedic devices such as the Hotz Plate on cleft lip. Quantitative analyses have been done on bilateral and unilateral cleft palate to better understand geometric differences in cleft palate throughout the course of its development and correction. Despite the difficulty in finding common, comparable landmarks between normal soft palates and cleft palates, analytical methods have been devised to assess differences in degree of curvature of the alveolar crest, two-dimensional and three-dimensional surface area, and slope of the alveolar crest. Finite element analysis has demonstrated effective modeling of soft-palate extension and movement. It has also been an effective tool for evaluating the craniofacial effects of corrective orthopedic devices and cleft lip. ==Clinical significance==