The organization was founded by a group of disaffected senior military officers, primarily from the
Ogaden and
Absame, led by Col. Bililiqo. The initial area of operations centered on the
Jubaland region and the Kenyan border (Middle and Lower Juba). They were early allies of the
United Somali Congress (USC) in operations against the regime of
Siad Barre. A key accomplishment was the seizure of the highly strategic
Baledogle Airbase in the days prior to Barre's flight from Mogadishu. However, after Barre's flight, when
Ali Mahdi's
Manifesto Group announced the formation of an "interim government" without consulting SPM leadership, a crisis ensued. After fighting broke out between the Manifesto Group supporters and the SPM, the SPM was accused of suddenly reversing direction and allied itself with Barre, who was seeking to reestablish his regime. This reversal was angrily resisted by many of the original Ogadeni, who split off into their own faction. The SPM thus sundered into two tribal-oriented factions: • SPM
Absame, or SPM-SNA, under
Ahmed Omar Jess and
Gedi Ugas Madhar • SPM
Harti, under Chairman Aden Abdillahi Nur "Gabyow" (himself from Ogaden's
Absame clan) and General
Mohamed Siad Hersi "Morgan" (Militia Commander) On August 12, 1992, the SPM mainly Absame faction joined General Aidid to form the
Somali National Alliance. The SPM fractured along tribal lines, and massacres and
ethnic cleansing began between the two rival factions, as well as their external enemies. In 1998, the SPM (Harti/Absame) under General "Morgan", based out of Kismayo, founded the autonomous state of
Jubaland. They were strenuously opposed by the
Allied Somali Forces, which later became the
Juba Valley Alliance. The SPM and ASF/JVA contended over the control of south Somalia until the JVA proved victorious, driving General "Morgan" into exile. ==See also==