Starting his football career at third-tier side
Tianjin Locomotive, Song Boxuan was scouted by top-tier side
Shanghai Shenhua which he eventually joined at the beginning of the 2010 league season with teammate
Feng Renliang. He was immediately selected as the team's first-choice left winger by the then manager
Miroslav Blažević and would make his debut on 23 March 2010 in a league game against
Changsha Ginde which ended in a 2–0 defeat. Despite the defeat, Song would keep his place within the team and he gained considerable playing time throughout the season. Established as a vital member of the team, he would go on to score his first goal for the club on 24 October 2010 in a league game against
Shaanxi Renhe in a 3–2 victory. On 3 January 2014, Song transferred to fellow
Chinese Super League side
Beijing Guoan. He made his debut for the club on 7 April 2014 in a 2–0 win against
Guangzhou R&F. He scored his first goal for the club on 11 April 2014 in a 2–1 win over
Guizhou Renhe. He was plagued with injuries, missing 60 Super League matches of 120 from 2014 to 2017. Song was linked with his hometown club
Tianjin Teda after the 2017 season. On 26 February 2018, he transferred to Tianjin Teda's city rival
Tianjin Quanjian in the Chinese Super League. He made his debut on 10 March 2018 in a 2–1 home loss to
Beijing Renhe, coming on as a substitute for
Wang Xiaolong in the 67th minute. ==International career==