Early life Song was born to a peasant family in Gaotang Village,
Pi County, Jiangsu, in 1904. His parents, though poor, saved enough money for him to attend Tushan Fengyang School beginning in 1917. Amidst the
4 May Movement, he began reading revolutionary materials. After graduating in 1920, he travelled to
Qingjiang (now Huai'an) to attend the . At the time,
warlordism was rampant, and Jiangsu was under the influence of ; Song participated in several discussions that challenged the warlords with his fellow students. To support himself, he worked as a handyman at a local tea shop. Graduating in 1925, Song returned to Pi County and became a teacher at Tushan Fengyang School. Hearing from his classmate that the
National Revolutionary Army had captured
Wuhan as part of its
Northern Expedition, in late 1926 Song decided to leave teaching and enter the military. He joined the
Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in March 1927. The following month, the
Kuomintang (KMT) executed a
massacre of communists in Shanghai, thereby breaking the parties'
First United Front. That May, Song joined General
Ye Ting in his counteroffensive to General
Xia Douyin's attempt to capture Wuhan. That August, he and his fellow soldiers attempted to participate in the
Nanchang uprising, but arrived after CCP forces had already withdrawn from the city.
Communist activities Song was subsequently tasked with travelling to
Nanjing, where he was tasked with infiltrating the police and collecting information on KMT operations; he continued to attend CCP meetings, wearing his police uniform, which disguised the purpose of these gatherings. As the cell was unravelled in early 1928, Song became aware of an order to arrest and warned his fellow Communist, thwarting the arrest. For fear that he had exposed himself, Song was subsequently transferred back to Pi County, where he joined the Special Branch of the CCP under . When Li was transferred to
Donghai County, Song assumed leadership of the special branch. He subsequently became secretary when the CCP established a governing committee in the county, which at the time had minimal KMT presence. Song married
Xu Linxia, a fellow CCP member and leader of the Pi County Women's Branch, in October 1928. As in Nanjing, Song was tasked with infiltrating the local security forces, through which he began recruiting potential CCP members. The KMT, aware of the growing CCP presence in the region, dispatched Duan Muzhen to Pi to arrest suspected communists. More than a dozen CCP members were arrested, and Song fled to
Tushan. In 1929, he left for
Beijing, where he spent time attending lectures and writing for the
Ta Kung Pao before becoming attached to the army of General
Yang Hucheng in
Nanyang. Although Song has been reported to have acted as Yang's secretary, his peer writes that he did not serve in this capacity. While associated with Yang's army, Song was extensively involved in journalism. In 1930 he served as the editor-in-chief of the
Wannan Daily; he later became the editor-in-chief of the
Northwest Cultural Daily, a publication of the 17th Route Army. Under Song's leadership, which lasted until his departure from the publication in 1937, the
Northwest Cultural Daily expanded to reach a readership of several thousand and include several supplementals, including a pictorial. Song recruited numerous communists to work for the newspaper, and published coverage that was critical of KMT leader Generalissimo
Chiang Kai-shek. He also operated a safe house, which housed CCP members fleeing the KMT. Ultimately, after the 1937
Xi'an Incident for which Song helped draft the "Eight Proposals for Resisting Japan and Saving the Nation" General Yang was sent abroad; Song, meanwhile, was compelled to leave the 17th Route Army.
Later years and death After a brief time in
Hebei, Song went to
Xi'an to act as a military instructor in 1939. In July 1941, he received a telegram urging him to return to his family's home. There, he was captured by the KMT and held as an ally of Yang Hucheng. At the time, he and Xu Linxia had sent two of their daughters to stay with family, while the remaining five children stayed with her in Puyang Village, outside Xi'an. Song was initially sent to the Baigongguan Prison in
Chongqing. In March 1943, he was transferred to
Xifeng concentration camp together with his wife
Xu Linxia and his youngest son
Song Zhenzhong. According to the Xifeng Concentration Camp Revolutionary History Memorial Hall, the couple were initially unable to maintain contact, as Xu was held at a portion of the camp reserved for women; however, after Song gained the support of the secret CCP cell under
Luo Shiwen, Director was convinced to allow them weekly interactions. After the Xifeng concentration camp was dissolved in 1946, Song and his family were returned to Chongqing. On 6 September 1949, Song and his family were executed by the KMT in Chongqing. Also executed were Yang Hucheng, his wife, and two of their children. The family were reinterred at the General Yang Hucheng Cemetery in
Chang'an District, Xi'an, in 1950. Their graves occupy three spots on the bottom of this two-storey site; the top level is occupied by the graves of Yang Hucheng and his family. ==Legacy==