SQL:2023 includes new and updated features. The changes can be grouped into three main areas: • Property graph queries, a
graph query language built on top of SQL • The new part 16, “Property Graph Queries (
SQL/PGQ)”, has been added to the SQL standard. • New features related to
JSON • JSON data type (T801) • Enhanced JSON data type (T802) • String-based JSON (T803) • Hex integer literals in
SQL/JSON path language (T840) • SQL/JSON simplified accessor (T860–T864) • SQL/JSON item methods (T865–T878) • JSON comparison (T879–T882) • Various smaller changes to the existing SQL language (all optional features): • UNIQUE null treatment (F292) • ORDER BY in grouped table (F868) • GREATEST and LEAST (T054) • String padding functions (T055) • Multi-character TRIM function (T056) • Optional string types maximum length (T081) • Enhanced cycle mark values (T133) • ANY_VALUE (T626) •
Underscores in numeric literals (T662)
Property Graph Queries (SQL/PGQ) SQL/PGQ reduces the difference in functionality between relational DBMSs and native graph DBMSs. Basically, this new feature makes it easier to query data in tables as if it were in a
graph database, providing a possibly more intuitive alternative to writing complex join queries. In comparison, the
GQL standard for graph DBMSs adds graph updates, querying multiple graphs, and queries that return a graph result rather than a binding table. ==See also==