, overlooking Barcelona|alt=Roof of squat, painted with the slogan "occupy and resist" Young people were attracted to the new 1980s squatting movement and began to set up
self-managed social centres, known as CSOAs (Centros Sociales Okupados y Autogestionados), which hosted
infoshops and co-operatives, organised events and provided meeting space for campaigns. The letter "k" is seldom used in Spanish, so squatter activists used it to signify their radicality and their difference to mainstream culture. The social centres has their antecedents in libertarian ateneus, countercultural spaces which were founded in many cities from the late 1970s onwards. The squatter movement experienced a resurgence in the early 2010s as a result of the anti-
austerity 15-M Movement. As of 2013, there were over thirty squatted social centres in Madrid.
Patio Maravillas was active from 2007 until 2015 in several different buildings.
La Ingobernable was evicted in 2020 during the
state of alarm due to the
COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. The number of squatted social centres in Barcelona grew from under thirty in the 1990s to around sixty in 2014, as recorded by
Info Usurpa (a weekly activist agenda). Another long-running squat is
Can Masdeu, which survived a concerted eviction attempt in 2002. Eleven occupiers suspended themselves off the walls of the building for several days. The eviction of
Kukutza in Bilbao was met with largescale protests in 2011. On the outskirts of Vitoria-Gasteiz, the squatted neighbourhood of
Errekaleor was occupied in 2013 and has around 150 inhabitants. ==Gallery==