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Si Inthrathit

Si Inthrathit was the first king of the Sukhothai Kingdom, a historical polity in what is now Thailand. He reigned from 1238 until around 1270 and is credited as the founder of the Phra Ruang dynasty, regarded as the first historical Siamese dynasty. His dynasty holds a dual claim to this distinction—having originated in the very region later designated by foreigners as "Siam", and for being the royal house that liberated the Thai principalities from Indaprasthanagara, a polity that early Thai scholars have attempted to identify with the Khmer Empire.

Difficulties in interpretation
Initially known as Pho Khun Bang Klang Hao (), interpreted as ”the lord who rules the sky”, the controversy surrounding this names illustrates the limitations of epigraphy. This science studies inscriptions or epigraphs as writing, to identify graphemes, clarify their meanings, and classify their uses according to dates and cultural contexts. Texts inscribed on steles are often missing the top or bottom portions, just where one would expect dates, complicating the drawing of conclusions about the writing and the writers. Specifically excluded from epigraphy are the historical significance of an epigraph as a document, and the artistic value of a literary composition. These complications led to the ruler in his early life being known as simply Hao (หาว). ==Biography==
Biography
Origin Bang Klang Hao was born to Sirisudhārājadevī (), a queen consort of Candraraja, who relocated the seat from Kamphaeng Phet to Sukhothai. whom certain historians have identified with the Khmer monarch Suryavarman II. However, such an assumption appears chronologically inconsistent when juxtaposed with the genealogical account of an early Siamese royal line that ruled Xiū Luó Fēn, situated in the Phraek Si Racha region. The first monarch of this lineage, Visnuraja, who likewise claimed descent from King Phatumsuriyawong, By 1180 CE, the domain of Phraek Si Racha region had come under a royal house that may have been connected to Angkor and was later re-established as Chen Li Fu. During this period, Candraraja, a descendant of the Phrak Si Racha line and father of Si Inthrathit, ruled at Kamphaeng Phet before transferring the royal seat to Sukhothai. although the Ayutthaya Testimonies place it to the east of Sankhaburi. which had previously served as the power base of his kinsman, Pra Poa Noome Thele Seri. During his tenure there, Si Intharathit was potentially supported by Tai Yuan refugees who had fled to the region following the fall of Yonok. He also married , a Tai Lueang (ไทเลือง) princess and daughter of Sri Naw Nam Thum, the ruler of Mueang Rat (), situated in either modern Lom Sak district, to the east of Mueang Bang Yang, or at the ancient in modern Uttaradit province. This Tai Lueang polity subsequently expanded its sphere of influence into Mueang Chaliang, which had been under the mixed Monic–Chinese Haripuñjaya dynasty, during the waning reign of Rajadhiraj II in the early 13th century. After consolidating control over Mueang Chaliang, the Tai Lueang monarchs, led by Sri Naw Nam Thum and his son Pha Mueang, extended their dominion southward toward Sukhothai in 1219, overthrowing the Mon ruler E Daeng Phloeng. However, the remnants of the older Monic aristocracy, led by Khom Sabat Khlon Lamphong, staged a successful revolt, reclaiming control of Sukhothai. In response, a coalition of Siamese forces led by a local chieftain, Bang Klang Hao—later known as Si Intharathit—recaptured the city and re-established it as an autonomous Siamese polity in 1238. Si Intharathit was militarily aided by his brother-in-law, Pha Mueang, a son of Sri Naw Nam Thum. Pha Mueang was given Mueang Chaliang following this event. Pho Khun Bang Klang Hao was then declared king at Sukhothai, taking a regnal name of Sanskrit origin, Si Inthrathit, translated from Adityan Indra. His skill and bravery greatly impressed the people of the kingdom, who thus conferred him the title Phra Ruang (glorious prince). This title was given to all subsequent rulers of Sukhothai, thus giving rise to the first Thai royal dynasty of Phra Ruang. Si Inthrathit and his queen, Sueang, had three sons. The eldest died at a young age, and the second was named Ban Mueang. His third son defeated a Khmer prince on elephants in mounted combat; he named this youngest son Ram Khamhaeng (Rama the Bold) in tribute to the feat. Si Inthrathit died around 1270, and was succeeded by his son Ban Mueang. ==Notes==
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