Russian military intervention in the Syrian civil war • On 7 October 2015, a Gepard class frigate and three Buyan-M class Russian Navy corvettes, part of the Caspian Flotilla launched 26 Kalibr-NK system cruise missiles 3M14T from the
Caspian Sea at 11 targets in Syria during the
Syrian Civil War. The missiles traveled 1,500 km (932 mi) through Iranian and Iraqi airspace and struck targets in
Raqqa and
Aleppo provinces (controlled by the
Islamic State) but primarily in
Idlib province (controlled by the
Free Syrian Army and
Nusra Front). Anonymous
US DoD officials alleged that four missiles crashed in
Iran. Russian and Iranian governments denied the claim of missile crash. Pentagon and State Department officials refused to comment on the reports. Russia posted video footage of 26 Kalibr missile launches as well as several videos of missile impacts without time or location information. • On 20 November 2015, Russia launched 18 3M14T cruise missiles from the Caspian Sea onto targets in Syria, the targets were in Raqqa, Idlib and Aleppo. • On 9 December 2015, Russia fired a group of 3M14K cruise missiles from Kalibr-PL system at positions occupied by
ISIL from the
Improved Kilo-class submarine B-237
Rostov-on-Don deployed in the Mediterranean. • On 20 September 2016, Russian state media reported that Russian warships in the Mediterranean fired three Kalibr-NK missiles at western Aleppo, near Mount Simeon. The Russians claimed that the missile strike killed "30 Israeli and Western officers directing the terrorists' attacks in Aleppo and Idlib". • On 15 November 2016, Russian frigate
Admiral Grigorovich fired at least three missiles against targets in Idlib and Homs provinces, Syria, in the opening stages of
the decisive offensive on Aleppo. • On 31 May 2017, the Russian frigate
Admiral Essen and submarine
Krasnodar launched four missiles against targets east of Palmyra, Syria. • On 23 June 2017, Russian frigates
Admiral Grigorovich and
Admiral Essen, and the submarine
Krasnodar fired six Kalibr missiles at ISIL arms depot targets in Hama. • On 14 September 2017, the Russian submarines
Veliky Novgorod and
Kolpino fired seven Kalibr missiles on ISIL targets (command posts, communications centers and ammunition depots) in the south-east of Deir ez-Zor. • On 22 September 2017, the Russian submarine
Veliky Novgorod fired at least three Kalibr missiles on al-Nusra in the Idlib province. The missile strike destroyed command centers, training bases and armored vehicles. • On 5 October 2017, the Russian submarines
Veliky Novgorod and
Kolpino launched 10 Kalibr missiles. The strikes were to support Syrian troops conducting a ground offensive in Deir-ez-Zor province. • On 3 November 2017, the Russian submarine
Kolpino launched 6 Kalibr missiles from a submerged position. Missiles hit terrorists' strongholds, weapon and ammunition depots, concentrations of militants, and important command centres near Abu Kamal, Deir-ez-Zor. • On 3 February 2018, Russian frigates and submarines active in the Mediterranean sea launched several Kalibr missiles on the positions of rebels in the
Idlib province, Syria where the
Sukhoi Su-25 attack aircraft of Major
Roman Filipov was shot down. The Russian ministry of defence said that more than 30 rebel fighters were killed.
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine Kalibr cruise missiles have been widely used by Russian forces since the start of the
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022. The opening assault is said to have included at least 30 cruise missiles, targeting command and control points, air bases, and air-defense batteries. The missiles were likely fired by the
Buyan-class corvettes,
Admiral Grigorovich-class frigates and
Kilo-class submarines of the Russian
Black Sea Fleet. Ukraine's military command reported widespread usage of Kalibr cruise missiles in strikes against strategic and non-combat targets across Ukraine. Most notable incidents were: • On 14 July 2022, three Kalibr cruise missiles
hit the city center of
Vinnytsia, Ukraine, killing at least 20 people, including at least three children. Ukraine claimed two other missiles were shot down. • On 23 July 2022, at least two Kalibr cruise missiles hit the port of
Odesa, other two were reportedly shot down. • On 11 September 2022, Kalibr cruise missiles were again fired from the Black Sea on targets in Ukraine. The same day, missile strike on
Kharkiv TEC-5 thermal power plant in
Kharkiv was confirmed by Ukrainian officials. • During
2022 Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure in October, November and December 2022, number of Kalibr cruise missiles fired from the Black Sea targeted various Ukrainian energy facilities across the country. This led to destruction of at least 50% of Ukraine's energy sector by mid-November 2022. • On 10 October 2022, three Kalibr cruise missiles violated the airspace of the
Republic of Moldova. • On 31 October 2022, remains of a Kalibr missile reportedly shot down by Ukrainian air defence crashed in Moldova. • On 20 March 2023, Ukraine claimed Russian Kalibr cruise missiles had been involved in an explosion in the north of annexed Crimea. Ukraine announced the explosions but, as is normal, did not explicitly say it was behind the attack. ==Variants==