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The St. Valentine's Day Massacre (film)

The St. Valentine's Day Massacre is a 1967 American gangster film based on the 1929 mass murder of seven members of Chicago's Northside Gang on orders from Al Capone. The picture was directed by Roger Corman, written by Howard Browne, and starring Jason Robards as Capone, Ralph Meeker as Moran, George Segal as Peter Gusenberg, and David Canary as Frank Gusenberg.

Plot
An organized crime war breaks out between two rival gangs in Chicago during the Roaring Twenties. The leader of the Southside Gang is the notorious Al Capone, who resents the growing activities of his nemesis George "Bugs" Moran, the leader of the North Side Gang. Moran also wants control of the city's bootlegging and gambling operations, and his lieutenants Peter and Frank Gusenberg use threats and intimidation to make speakeasy owners do business with them in exchange for "protection". Peter Gusenberg also argues and fights with his moll Myrtle, particularly over her extravagant spending of his money. As the body count escalates (most notably with a failed assassination of Capone hitman Jack McGurn), Capone remembers how Northside leader Hymie Weiss tried to kill him, with a flashback sequence of the September 1926 lunchtime attack on Capone at the Hawthorne Hotel restaurant in Cicero by Weiss and Moran, while Moran reminds his men (also with flashbacks) how Capone had eliminated previous North Side leader Dean O'Banion in November 1924 and Weiss in October 1926. Capone assigns the recovered McGurn the task of eliminating Moran, expressing indifference as to whether or not any of Moran's men are also eliminated. Moran gives the order to have Patsy Lolordo, a crony and personal friend of Capone's who is also the representative of the Sicilian Mafia in Chicago, eliminated in order to replace him with an envoy more sympathetic to Moran. Moran's assassination plan sees him conspire with low-level mafiosi Joe Aiello to kill Lolordo and replace him with Aiello. Lolordo's bodyguards are corrupted, and the unarmed Lolordo is murdered in his apartment. In retaliation, Capone has Aiello tracked down and personally executes him as Aiello is fleeing the state on board a train. With McGurn setting an elaborate plan in motion to eliminate Moran and his gang, Capone retreats to his winter home in Miami to establish an alibi. On the morning of February 14, 1929, two Capone henchmen, dressed as police officers, feign a police raid on the northside garage used by Moran and his gang. Two more Capone hitmen enter carrying Tommy guns, and the four execute five members of Moran's gang, including Peter Gusenberg, using shotguns to eliminate any potential survivors. Also at the garage and victims of the attack are two civilians: mechanic Johnny May and optometrist Reinhardt Schwimmer (who enjoyed being around gangsters). Of the victims, only Peter's brother Frank survives long enough to be taken to a hospital, but despite knowing that he will soon die he refuses to tell the police anything. Moran, the focus of the attack, is not present as he had seen the "police car" approaching the garage and went instead to a diner, thereby escaping certain death. In a press conference at a hospital where he is supposedly being treated for influenza, Moran drops a verbal clue to the crime: "Only Capone kills like that," while Capone, holding a similar press conference in Miami, disparages Moran's sanity and intelligence. In the aftermath, Capone is shown personally dispatching two of the men who carried out the attack (John Scalise and Albert Anselmi) after he learns of their plans to betray and kill him. Moran is eventually forced out of Chicago and years later dies of lung cancer while in Leavenworth Prison, while Capone, following his release after serving a prison term in Alcatraz, dies of syphilis. No one is ever actually charged for the murders, but those responsible either disappear by going into hiding or are violently killed. ==Cast==
Cast
Orson Welles was Corman's original choice to play Capone, but Twentieth Century Fox vetoed the deal, fearing that Welles was "undirectable". The film's narration has a style similar to that of Welles but was delivered by actor Paul Frees. ==Background==
Background
Development Roger Corman said he wanted to produce a film about the "gangsterism" that "played a significant role in the development of American culture" but "I wanted to do it honestly, and not in the usual romanticized man-against-the-system." Corman later said that Fox had invited him in to pitch ideas, and he had told them about ''The St. Valentine's Day Massacre and a biopic about the Red Baron, but as Fox had just made The Blue Max'', it opted for the gangster film. Corman made the film following the great success of The Wild Angels. While The Wild Angels had a budget of $350,000, ''The St. Valentine's Day Massacre'' was budgeted at $2.5 million. It was the most expensive film that Corman had made. He later claimed that the film cost $1 million and that the rest was studio overhead. Corman said, "There comes a time when the public conscience needs jolting, and in ''St. Valentine's Day Massacre'' this is our intention. It is also certain that the movie will make money - crime is always box office." Corman wanted classical actors to play gangsters and offered the part of Capone to Orson Welles and that of Bugs Moran to Jason Robards. However, Fox did not want Welles, advising Corman that Welles would try to take over directing; they instead suggested that Robards play Capone. Corman felt that Robards was not physically large enough for the role of Capone and was better suited to play Moran, but did not want to cause trouble after his experience with Columbia and went along with the suggestion. Shooting Corman originally wanted to shoot the film on location in Chicago but eventually shot it on the Fox backlot. Corman, an independent director, was most comfortable in his own style: shoestring budgets and condensed shooting schedules. The shoot took just over seven weeks, though this marked the longest duration for any of Corman's films. "By the end of the movie I was very weary," he said. ==Reception==
Reception
According to Fox records, the film needed to earn $4,550,000 in rentals to break even and made $4,165,000, meaning it made a loss. In 2009, Empire magazine named the film #7 in a poll of the 20 Greatest Gangster Movies You've (Probably) Never Seen. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 1.5 out of 4 stars, saying attempts at historical accuracy ultimately led to a dull, confusing film: “At the end of this nonsense, to be sure, there is a massacre to brighten things up a little. But then the pall sets in again.” ==Home media==
Home media
''The St. Valentine's Day Massacre'' was released as a Region 1 widescreen DVD by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment on May 23, 2006. It was issued as a limited-edition region-free Blu-ray by Twilight Time. ==See also==
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