As a youth, Galiev played in the 2005
Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a team from
Moscow. He played
junior ice hockey with the
Saint John Sea Dogs of the
Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. He was drafted by the Washington Capitals in the 3rd round (86th overall) of the
2010 NHL entry draft. Galiev made his NHL debut for the Capitals in the
2014–15 season, on April 8, 2015, against the
Boston Bruins and scored his first NHL goal on April 11, 2015, against the
New York Rangers in the last game of the regular season. After five seasons within the Capitals organization and unable to make an impression in the NHL, Galiev left as a free agent and returned to Russia to sign a two-year contract with
Ak Bars Kazan of the KHL on July 14, 2017. Galiev remained with Ak Bars for four seasons, before leaving the club as a free agent at the conclusion of the
2020–21 season. He was signed to a lucrative two-year contract with
HC Dynamo Moscow on 1 May 2021. After a lone season with Dynamo Moscow, Galiev was returned by Dynamo to former club Ak Bars Kazan in a trade for
Jordan Weal on 1 July 2022. Galiev played two further seasons with Ak Bars before leaving the club as a free agent to sign a one-year contract with
Avangard Omsk on 30 July 2024. During the
2024–25 season, Galiev struggled to produce offensively with Avangard, posting just 2 goals and 7 points through 33 regular season games. On 24 December 2024, Galiev was traded to HC CSKA Moscow in exchange for future considerations. ==International play==