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Stanley Ho

Stanley Ho Hung-sun was a Hong Kong and Macau billionaire businessman. He was the founder and chairman of SJM Holdings, which owns nineteen casinos in Macau including the Grand Lisboa.

Early life
Born in Hong Kong during British colonial rule, he was of Chinese, Dutch-Jewish and English ancestry. On his paternal side, Ho was descended from his great-grandfather, Charles Henry Maurice Bosman, who was of Dutch Jewish ancestry, and his Chinese mistress Sze Tai (施娣), a local Bao'an (present-day Shenzhen and Hong Kong) woman. His grandfather was Ho Fook (何福), brother of the merchant Sir Robert Ho Tung, his grandmother was Lucy Rothwell and his father was (何世光). His maternal grandfather was another first-generation Eurasian, , 冼德芬), the son of British businessman Stephen Prentis Hall.. His mother was Flora Hall (Sin, 冼興雲) Education Ho studied at Queen's College, Hong Kong, at which he attended Class D - the lowest class level in the then Hong Kong Class System - owing to unsatisfactory academic results. However, he later received a scholarship to the University of Hong Kong. He became the first student from Class D to be granted a university scholarship. His university studies were cut short by the outbreak of World War II in 1942. Following the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, Ho moved to Macau. Career , owned by STDM Ho began clerical work at a Japanese-owned import-export firm in Macau. He made his first fortune smuggling luxury goods and food In 1943 he set up a kerosene company and established a construction company with his money. Ho, along with partners including Hong Kong tycoon Henry Fok, Macau gambler Yip Hon and his brother-in-law Teddy Yip, bid for Macau franchises. By bidding high and promising to promote tourism and to develop infrastructure, they won the public tender for Macau's gaming monopoly license in 1961, for US$410,000, of which US$51,000 was provided by Henry Fok. defeating the long-time Macau casino barons, the Fu family, by MOP 17,000. In 1961 the company was renamed Sociedade de Turismo e Diversões de Macau, S.A.R.L. (STDM). In late 1962, Ho opened the Estoril Hotel, Macau's first luxury casino resort. Through a subsidiary, TurboJET, it owns one of the world's largest fleets of high-speed jetfoils, which ferry passengers between Hong Kong and Macau. In the 1980s, Ho pioneered the practice of subcontracting private gambling rooms in his casinos to independent agents. Ho was named by the Canadian Government, citing the Manila Standard newspaper, as having a link to the Kung Lok Triad (Chinese mafia) and as being linked to "several illegal activities" during the period 1999–2002. Ho's alleged ties to Chinese organized crime have also been reported by the New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement, citing a U.S. Senate committee and several government agencies, when the state investigated his ties to American casino operator MGM Mirage. == Positions held ==
Positions held
Business • Chairman Emeritus without directorship, Shun Tak Holdings Limited (信德集團) • Chairman, Seng Heng Bank Limited • Director, Shun Tak Shipping Company, Limited • Chairman, iAsia Technology Limited (亞洲網上交易科技有限公司) • Chairman, the Chinese Recreation Club in Hong Kong (CRC) • Founder of Sociedade de Turismo e Diversoes de Macau, SARL (STDM)) • Ho also made many other investments, including in venture capital and foreign real estate (such as in Singapore and London). Community • President of Real Estate Developers Association of Hong Kong (香港地產建設商會) • Chairman of the board of directors of the University of Hong Kong Foundation for Educational Development and Research (香港大學教研發展基金董事局) • Member of the Court and Council of the University of Hong Kong (香港大學校董會) • Member of the Court of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University • Member of the Council of the University of Macau (澳門大學) • Founder of the Dr. Stanley Ho Medical Development Foundation (何鴻燊博士醫療拓展基金會) • Member of the Consultative Committee for the Basic Law of the Hong Kong SAR == Family ==
Family
Ho had 17 children born to four women. Ho referred to his children's mothers as his wives. Some forms of Polygamy remained legal in Hong Kong until it was outlawed in 1971. In 1942, Ho married Clementina Ângela Leitão, from the prestigious Portuguese Leitão family Sabrina Ho, Arnaldo Ho, Mario Ho and Alice Ho. == Personal life ==
Personal life
Over the years, dancing was one of Ho's favourite hobbies. He used to tango, cha-cha-cha, and waltz. He often danced for televised charity fundraisers and sponsored numerous dance performances in Hong Kong and Macau, including the Hong Kong Arts Festival and the Macau Arts Festival, promoting the art of dance. He also invited internationally renowned dancing groups, such as the National Ballet of China, to perform in Hong Kong and Macau. Ho was a patron of the Hong Kong Ballet, the International Dance Teachers Association and was a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Dance. One of a number of thoroughbred racehorses owned by Ho, Viva Pataca, named after the currency of Macau, won several top Hong Kong races in 2006 and 2007. In late July 2009, Ho suffered a fall at his home that required brain surgery. For seven months Ho was confined to the Hong Kong Adventist Hospital and, later, the Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, during which period he made only one public appearance, on 20 December 2009, when he travelled to Macau to meet Chinese president Hu Jintao on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of Macau's return to Chinese sovereignty. Ho was discharged from the Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital on 6 March 2010 and thereafter employed a wheelchair. Philanthropy Qing relics In 2003, Ho donated a Qing dynasty bronze boar's head to China's Poly Art Museum, a state-run organisation that aims to develop, display, rescue and protect Chinese cultural relics. The boar's head is part of a collection of twelve looted from the imperial Summer Palace in Beijing in 1860 when it was sacked and burnt by the French and British armies. On 21 September 2007, Ho donated to the Chinese government a Qing dynasty bronze sculpture of a horse's head originally taken from the Old Summer Palace. Ho had reportedly just purchased it from a Taiwanese businessman for US$8.84 million. Lanceford dispute In late January 2011, a dispute erupted among his wives and children involving the transfer of ownership of his private holding company, Lanceford. On 27 December Lanceford allotted 9,998 new shares, representing 99.98 per cent of its enlarged share capital, to two British Virgin Islands companies: Action Winner Holdings Ltd, wholly owned by third wife, Ina, holding 50.55 per cent and Ranillo Investments Ltd, equally held by each of Laam's five children, holding the balance. The allotment document filed with the Registrar of Companies was signed by Laam's daughter Daisy. Ho issued proceedings in the High Court, naming its directors – 11 defendants, including his second and third wives, and children Pansy and Lawrence Ho, alleging the group "improperly and/or illegally" acted in changing the share structure. The writ sought an injunction restraining the defendants from selling or disposing any of the 9,998 new shares in the company. The two British Virgin Islands companies were also named in the writ. Ho said his intention from the outset was to divide his assets equally among his families and that the actions of the directors of Lanceford effectively eliminated this possibility, according to a statement issued by his lawyer Gordon Oldham. == Honours ==
Honours
In 1984, Ho was awarded an honorary doctorate of social sciences from the University of Macau. In the New Year Honours 1990, Ho was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (O.B.E.) "for services to the community in Hong Kong". In 1995, The Government of Portugal appointed Ho to the Grã-Cruz da Ordem do Infante Dom Henrique (Great Cross of the Order of Prince Henrique), the highest honour for any civilian, for his contributions to society. In 1998, Dr. Stanley Ho Avenue in Macau was named, the first Chinese person to be so honoured in Macau during their lifetime. In 2003 Ho received the Gold Bauhinia Star from the Chief Executive of Hong Kong, Tung Chee Hwa. In 2008 Ho received the Medal for Business Entrepreneurialism from the city of Cascais and the street running adjacent to the Estoril Casino was renamed as Avenida Stanley Ho. It was the first road in Portugal to be named after a living Chinese citizen. In June 2009 he received the Visionary award at the G2E Asia conference, organised by the American Gaming Association; the award was delivered by Macau SAR Chief Executive Edmund Ho. In November 2010, Ho was awarded the Grand Bauhinia Medal. == Death ==
Death
Ho was in poor health in his last years, and stayed in hospital after his health deteriorated following a stroke in 2009. On 25 May 2020, Ho was reported to be in a critical condition, and he died at the Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital on 26 May 2020, at around 1 pm local time. He was 98. == In popular culture ==
In popular culture
It Could Happen Here - The Macau Tycoon : 1991 television film, portrayed by Jackie Lui Chung Yin. • Casino Tycoon & Casino Tycoon 2 : 1992 films, the character Benny Ho, portrayed by Andy Lau. • Chasing the Dragon II: Wild Wild Bunch : 2019 film, the character Stanford Ho, portrayed by Michael Wong. == See also ==
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