She was born in
Belfast. She graduated from
University of Western Ontario, received her MA from the
University of Rochester, and Ph.D. from the
Binghamton University. She spent nine years on the faculty of the
University of California in San Diego before moving to
Northwestern University in 1998 and the
University of Pennsylvania in 2003. In 2015, she moved again this time to replace
Eric Foner on the faculty at Columbia University. ==Works==