MarketStephanus Jacobus du Toit
Company Profile

Stephanus Jacobus du Toit

Stephanus Jacobus du Toit was a South African nationalist, theologian, journalist, and translator. He promoted the Afrikaans language as a symbol of Afrikaner nationalism, launched the first Afrikaans-language newspaper Die Afrikaanse Patriot, and translated the Bible into Afrikaans. He was Superintendent of Education in the South African Republic from 1882 to 1889.

Early years
He was born in 1847 near Paarl in the Cape Colony at Plaas Kleinbos at a farm that had been in the family's possession since their arrival in the Cape as Huguenot refugees in 1688. He was educated at Paarl Gimnasium and studied theology at the Theological Seminary at Stellenbosch, completing his studies in 1872{{cite book ==Promoting the Afrikaans language==
Promoting the Afrikaans language
At the time, better-educated Dutch settlers in the Cape Colony regarded the Afrikaans language as a patois used by the less-educated. Du Toit, however, regarded Afrikaans as a symbol of Afrikaner nationalism.{{cite web In the early 1870s, two Dutch schoolteachers, Arnoldus Pannevis and C.P. Hoogenhout, made a number of pleas in De Zuid-Afrikaan newspaper that, for the benefit of the Cape Coloured community and the lesser-educated Afrikaner community, the Bible should be translated into Afrikaans. In 1874, Pannevis addressed his concerns to the British and Foreign Bible Society, while Du Toit's articles in De Zuid-Afrikaan supported Pannevis and Hoogenhout.{{cite book On 14 August 1875, Hoogenhout, Du Toit, and others established the Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners (Society of True Afrikaners, GRA) with the objective of promoting the Afrikaans language, nation, and country. Initially, this was to be achieved by publishing a monthly journal and, as soon as possible, a dictionary and grammatical rules guideline (spraakkuns). Du Toit was elected president of the association and within a year had compiled a set of grammatical rules. In 1876, he launched the first Afrikaans-language newspaper Die Afrikaanse Patriot. Initially a monthly publication, it had 50 subscribers; in its second year, 400; and by 1881, 3,000 subscribers, becoming a weekly publication in 1877.{{cite book The British annexation of the Transvaal in 1877 caused considerable anger among the Dutch community throughout Southern Africa. Die Afrikaanse Patriot published a scathing attack, and Du Toit proposed a boycott of British goods and services. In October 1880, Die Patriot argued that the time had come for decisive action—many Transvaal leaders state that this was the trigger for the First Boer War, which led to the Transvaal regaining its independence in 1881. In 1879, Du Toit proposed the formation of the Afrikaner Bond, an anti-British organisation in which all Afrikaners could feel at home. Die Patriot urged a boycott of British products. Jan Hofmeyr, who had founded the Zuidafrikaansche Boeren Beschermings Vereeniging (South African Farmers' Protection Association) as a vehicle of protest against a proposed excise duty on wine, agreed to merge the two organisations and, through skilful manoeuvring, gained control of the merged organisation.{{cite book ==Later years==
Later years
In 1882, after the Transvaal (now the South African Republic) regained its independence, its president, Paul Kruger, invited Du Toit to become Superintendent of Education,{{cite book He resigned in 1888 due to a personality clash with Willem Johannes Leyds, a newly appointed advisor to Kruger.{{cite web He continued his translation of the Bible into Afrikaans, following the principals of translation laid down by the Synod of Dordrecht requiring the use of the original Hebrew or Greek where appropriate. He succeeded in translating the Book of Genesis, the Psalms, the Songs of Solomon, Book of Joshua, the Gospel according to Matthew, the Gospel according to Mark, the Acts of the Apostles and the Book of Revelation. Du Toit's translation program was not well received—neither the synod of the NGK in Orange Free State in 1885, nor the synod of the NGK in the South African Republic in 1886 supported Du Toit's efforts. By 1890, the Eerste Taalbeweging (first language movement) was all but dead. His son, Jakob Daniël du Toit, known by the pen name Totius, a member of the Tweede Taalbeweging (second language movement), completed the translation in 1933 with assistance from his own son, Stephanus du Toit (1905–1982). The Jameson Raid of 1896 caused the Afrikaner Bond to break with Rhodes. Du Toit broke with the Afrikaner Bond and through Die Afrikaanse Patriot, backed Rhodes in the Jameson Raid and in the Second Anglo-Boer War. He stood for the Cape Parliament in 1898 but failed to get elected. In 1904, following financial problems, DF du Toit & Co, the company that owned Die Afrikaanse Patriot, was sold and the paper was succeeded by the Paarl Post.{{cite web Du Toit died on 25 May 1911 as a result of injuries he sustained when the cart in which he was travelling to Calvinia to visit one of his congregations overturned in August the previous year. ==Legacy==
Legacy
Du Toit was a prolific writer – the anonymous author of the epitaph on his tombstone described him as "The father of the Afrikaans language", • 1889 – Die Bybel in Afrikaans [The Bible in Afrikaans] (A brochure with a translation of the first three chapters of the Book of Genesis).{{cite web • 1893 – Genesis (translation of the Book of Genesis) • 1895 – Mattheus (translation of the Gospel according to St Mathew) • 1898 – Openbaring (translation of the Book of Revelation) • 1902 – Patriot woordeboek: Afrikaans-Engels [Patriot dictionary: Afrikaans-English]{{cite book • 1907 – Die Psalms (translation of the Psalms) ==Sources==
tickerdossier.comtickerdossier.substack.com