Metz has proposed several new concepts for the analysis of military strategy and national security policy: • Psychological precision: the idea that modern militaries should be designed so that their operations attain desired psychological effects rather than simply hitting targets with precision. This concept was discussed in the 2001 "Year in Ideas" essay in the
New York Times*Effects based planning for counterinsurgency: the idea that counterinsurgency planning should be determined by an array of psychological effects • Ethical asymmetry: the idea that normative differences between opponents in armed conflict is an important feature of 21st century warfare • Cultural asymmetry and counterinsurgency: the idea that the United States' approach to counterinsurgency support only works in nations with Western or Western-derived cultures • Personal versus strategic motives in insurgency: the idea that insurgencies where strategic motives—those directed toward a desired political outcome—dominate differ in significant ways from ones where personal motives—the desire for revenge, prestige, or material gain—drive most insurgents. • New technological revolution for counterinsurgency: the idea that technology can, to some extent, substitute for labor in counterinsurgency, but not simply through the application of technology developed for conventional warfighting. A technological revolution for counterinsurgency (and other forms of asymmetric and irregular conflict) should be based on robotics (including micro- and nano-robotics), nonlethality, and psychotechnology. • "Metz threshold": counterinsurgency must achieve acceptable performance before political patience runs out, requiring an
organizational learning response and the historical U.S. threshold for political patience is three years • Next-gen insurgency: future insurgency, unlike the guerrilla conflicts of past insurgencies, will be networked, swarming, global, and focused on narrative-centric conflict and integrated cost imposition. Social media and the virtual world will be its central battlespaces. [https://press.armywarcollege.edu/parameters/vol54/iss3/5/ ==Education==