The Festival was founded as the
Stratford Shakespearean Festival of Canada, by Tom Patterson, a Stratford-native
journalist who wanted to revitalize his town's economy by creating a theatre festival dedicated to the works of
William Shakespeare, as the town shares the name of Shakespeare's birthplace,
Stratford-upon-Avon, England. Stratford was a
railway junction and major locomotive shop, and was facing a disastrous loss of employment with the imminent elimination of steam power. Patterson achieved his goal after gaining encouragement from
Mayor David Simpson and the local council, and the Stratford Shakespearean Festival became a legal entity on October 31, 1952. Already established in Canadian theatre,
Dora Mavor Moore helped put Patterson in touch with British actor and director
Tyrone Guthrie, first with a transatlantic telephone call. On July 13, 1953, actor
Alec Guinness spoke the first lines of the first play produced by the festival, a production of
Richard III: "Now is the winter of our discontent / Made glorious summer by this son of York." Guinness and
Irene Worth were among the cast of Stratford's inaugural performance of
Richard III, working for expenses only. as seen from the
Avon River. This first performances (like the entire first four seasons) took place in a concrete amphitheatre covered by giant canvas tent on the banks of the River Avon. The first of many years of Stratford Shakespeare Festival production history started with a six-week season opening on July 13, 1953, with
Richard III and then ''
All's Well That Ends Well, both starring Alec Guinness. The 1954 season ran for nine weeks and included Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex and two Shakespeare plays, Measure for Measure and The Taming of the Shrew''. Young actors during the first four seasons included several who went on to great success in subsequent years,
Douglas Campbell,
Timothy Findley,
Don Harron,
William Hutt and
Douglas Rain. In 1954, the Festival organized the Canadian Players, a company to produce touring productions each summer to provide off-season work for Stratford actors. Canadian Players would exist until 1966, when it folded due to accumulated debt. Fundraising to build a permanent theatre was slow but was helped significantly by donations from Governor General
Vincent Massey and the Perth Mutual Insurance Company. The new
Festival Theatre was dedicated on June 30, 1957, with seating for over 1,800 people; no seats are more than 65 feet from the stage. The design was deliberately intended to resemble a huge tent.
Tony Award-nominee
Scott Wentworth has performed in the festival's stage productions on numerous occasions since 1985, beginning with
The Glass Menagerie; the festival has helped
Sara Topham launch her career in acting, performing from 2000 to 2011; and a young, unknown
Christopher Walken appeared in Stratford's 1968 stage productions of
Romeo and Juliet and ''
A Midsummer Night's Dream'', portraying
Romeo and
Lysander respectively. Long-serving Artistic Director
Richard Monette retired in 2007 after holding the position for fourteen seasons. He was replaced with an artistic team consisting of General Director
Antoni Cimolino and Artistic Directors
Marti Maraden,
Des McAnuff, and
Don Shipley. On March 12, 2008, it was announced that Shipley and Maraden would be stepping down, leaving Des McAnuff as sole Artistic Director. In 2013, Des McAnuff was replaced by Antoni Cimolino as Artistic Director. In 2012, the Festival had a deficit of million, but by 2015 had a surplus of million under the control of Cimolino and executive director
Anita Gaffney. The target of a half million ticket sales for the season (a previous record) had not yet been reached, but had achieved a significant increase in the number of new patrons to the theatres. On February 17, 2015,
AP News reported that the Stratford Shakespeare Festival plans to film all of
Shakespeare's plays. Actors who have participated in the festival include
Alan Bates,
Brian Bedford,
Domini Blythe,
Barbara Bryne,
Martha Burns,
Jackie Burroughs,
Zoe Caldwell,
Douglas Campbell,
Len Cariou,
Brent Carver,
Patricia Conolly,
Susan Coyne,
Jack Creley,
Jonathan Crombie,
Hume Cronyn,
Henry Czerny,
Cynthia Dale,
Brian Dennehy,
Colm Feore,
Megan Follows,
Maureen Forrester,
Lorne Greene,
Dawn Greenhalgh,
Paul Gross,
Alec Guinness, Amelia Hall,
Uta Hagen,
Julie Harris,
Don Harron,
Martha Henry,
William Hutt,
Frances Hyland,
Charmion King,
Betty Leighton,
Andrea Martin,
Barbara March,
James Mason,
Roberta Maxwell,
Eric McCormack,
Seana McKenna,
Loreena McKennitt,
Richard Monette,
John Neville,
Stephen Ouimette,
Lucy Peacock,
Nicholas Pennell,
David J. Phillips,
Amanda Plummer,
Christopher Plummer,
Sarah Polley,
Douglas Rain,
Kate Reid,
Jason Robards,
Alan Scarfe,
Paul Scofield,
Goldie Semple,
William Shatner,
Maggie Smith,
Jessica Tandy,
Peter Ustinov,
Christopher Walken,
Al Waxman,
Irene Worth,
Geraint Wyn Davies and
Janet Wright. Female directors at Stratford have included Pam Brighton,
Zoe Caldwell, Marigold Charlseworth,
Donna Feore, Jill Keiley, Pamela Hawthorne,
Martha Henry, Jeannette Lambermont,
Diana Leblanc,
Marti Maraden,
Weyni Mengesha,
Carey Perloff,
Lorraine Pintal, Vanessa Porteous,
Susan H. Schulman,
Djanet Sears,
Kathryn Shaw, Jennifer Tarver. From 1956 to 1961 and 1971 to 1976, the Stratford Festival also staged the separate
Stratford Film Festival, which was credited as one of the first North American film festivals ever to schedule international films. That festival collapsed after the 1976 launch of the Festival of Festivals, now known as the
Toronto International Film Festival, impacted both the Stratford Film Festival's funding and its audience. In 2011, the visual artist,
Chris Klein, started producing a series of paintings depicting the costumes from festival costume warehouse, having served as their Head of Scenic Art from 2007 to 2015. In March 2020, as preparations for the upcoming season were underway, the Festival was forced to announce performance cancellations and layoffs due to the
COVID-19 pandemic. A month later, the entire 2020 season was put on hold and effectively cancelled. Just before the season's cancellation, Cimolino announced that all productions that had been filmed as part of the
Stratford Festival On Film series would be streamed online for free, with a different production being shown each week. Throughout the summer of 2020, the Festival produced four web series which, along with all the filmed productions and other Stratford documentaries and interviews, were launched in October 2020 on the new Stratfest@Home web streaming service. In April 2021, the Festival announced a season of plays and cabarets, with most productions being held under large canopies at the Festival and Tom Patterson Theatres. Only one late-opening production was held indoors at the Studio Theatre with reduced capacity. The theme for the 2021 season was metamorphosis. In May 2022, the Festival officially opened the rebuilt
Tom Patterson Theatre. Designed by Toronto-based architect,
Siamak Hariri, the building overlooks the
Avon river and sits on the site of the previous Tom Patterson space. The project cost an estimated million and was funded by private donations with support from both provincial and federal governments. ==Today==