The composition of Streptophyta and similar groups (Streptophytina,
Charophyta) varies in each classification. Some authors include only the Charales and Embryophyta (e.g., Streptophyta, Streptophytina Streptobionta); some authors use this broader definition, but exclude the Embryophyta (e.g., Charophyta, These earlier classifications have not taken into account that the
Coleochaetophyceae and the
Zygnemophyceae appear to have emerged in the
Charophyceae +
Embryophyta clade, resulting in the synonymy of the
Phragmoplastophyta and Streptophytina/Streptophyta sensu stricto (a.k.a. Adl 2012
Jeffrey, 1967 •
Streptophyta •
Charales •
Embryophyta Lewis & McCourt 2004 • Division
Charophyta (charophyte algae and embryophytes) • Class
Mesostigmatophyceae (mesostigmatophytes) • Class
Chlorokybophyceae (chlorokybophytes) • Class
Klebsormidiophyceae (klebsormidiophytes) • Class
Zygnemophyceae (conjugates) • Order
Zygnematales (filamentous conjugates and saccoderm desmids) • Order
Desmidiales (placoderm desmids) • Class
Coleochaetophyceae (coleochaetophytes) • Order
Coleochaetales • Subdivision
Streptophytina • Class
Charophyceae (same as the
Smith system, 1938) • Order
Charales (charophytes sensu stricto) • Class
Embryophyceae (embryophytes)
Leliaert et al. 2012 •
Streptophyta •
charophytes •
Mesostigmatophyceae •
Chlorokybophyceae •
Klebsormidiophyceae •
Charophyceae •
Zygnematophyceae •
Coleochaetophyceae •
Embryophyta (land plants)
Adl et al. 2012 Source: •
Archaeplastida Adl et al. 2005 •
Chloroplastida Adl et al. 2005 (
Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith 1981) •
Chlorophyta Pascher 1914, emend. Lewis & McCourt 2004 •
Charophyta Migula 1897, emend. Karol et al. 2009 (
Charophyceae Smith 1938, Mattox & Stewart 1984) •
Chlorokybus Geitler 1942 •
Mesostigma Lauterborn 1894 •
Klebsormidiophyceae van den Hoek et al. 1995 •
Phragmoplastophyta Lecointre & Guyander 2006 •
Zygnematophyceae van den Hoek et al. 1995, emend. Hall et al. 2009 •
Coleochaetophyceae Jeffrey 1982 •
Streptophyta Jeffrey 1967 •
Charophyceae Smith 1938, emend. Karol et al. 2009 (
Charales Lindley 1836; Charophytae Engler 1887) •
Embryophyta Engler 1886, emend. Lewis & McCourt 2004 (Cormophyta Endlicher 1836;
Plantae Haeckel 1866)
Adl et al. 2019 •
Archaeplastida Adl et al. 2005 •
Chloroplastida Adl et al. 2005 (
Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith 1981) • Phylum Streptophyta [
Charophyta] • Chlorokybus atmophyticus • Mesostigma viridae • Family Klebsomidiophyceae • Class Phragmoplastophyta • Family Zygnemataceae • Order Coleochaetophyceae • Family Characeae • Kingdom Embryophyta ==Phylogeny==