Corrective labor colony

In the Soviet Union, the labor colonies were governed by the Corrective Labor Law (Исправительно-Трудовой Кодекс). The Corrective labor Law of 1933 defined different types of labor colonies (Фабрично-заводские и сельскохозяйственные исправительно-трудовые колонии, Исправительно-трудовые колонии массовых работ, Штрафные исправительно-трудовые колонии). In the late Soviet Union, the labor colonies were governed by Article 11 of the Corrective Labor Law and were intended for adult (16 years and over) convicts. The colonies were classified according to the regimen of severity: ordinary, reinforced, strict, and special regimens (колонии общего, усиленного, строгого, особого режимов), as well as the "colony-settlements" (колонии-поселения). Only ordinary and strict regimens (and colony-settlements) were provided for female convicts. ==Russia==

Of the four types of facilities of prisons in Russia, the corrective colony ( or IK) is the most common, with 760 institutions in 2004 across the many administrative divisions of Russia. In 2012, the Russian Federal Penitentiary Service reported that 585,000 prisoners were serving sentences at penal colonies, more than the 260,000 prisoners held in detention centers. Corrective colony regimes are categorized as very strict/special, strict, general, and open. The detachment ( or '''') is the basic unit of the prison. When not in the detachment, prisoners are required to participate in penal labor, which is in the form of work brigades in colony production zones where prisoners earn a wage of which most is paid to the colony for their upkeep. The conditions of prisons have been criticized by former prisoners and human rights activists. Examples • Corrective colony No. 2, Vladimir Oblast (IK-2) • Corrective colony No. 2, Mordovia, women's corrective colony, Yavas • White Swan (prison) (ФКУ ИК-2) Solikamsk, Perm Krai • FKU IK-3, Kharp • Lgov Prison, IK-3, Lgov, Kursk Oblast • (IK-5/ "Vologda Fiver", situated on Ognenny Ostrov) • Corrective colony No. 6, Vladimir Oblast (IK-6 Melekhovo/ Melekhovo correctional colony) • "Snowflake" • Corrective colony No. 11, Mordovia, (ФКУ ИК-11) men's corrective colony, Yavas • "Red Duck" • "Black Berkut" (Black Asian golden eagle) ==References==