The
Royal Württemberg State Railways opened the
Stuttgart–Horb railway of part of the
Gäu Railway from
Stuttgart to Freudenstadt together with Vaihingen auf den Fildern station on 2 September 1879. This was then about 400 metres southeast of Vaihingen village and consisted of the existing entrance building and a freight terminal building. In 1891, the
Filder Railway Company (
Filderbahn-Gesellschaft) decided to establish a
line from Möhringen to Vaihingen station, which was approved by the government on 14 April 1896. The first train ran to Vaihingen on 23 December 1897. The
metre gauge tracks were to the east of the State Railways' standard gauge tracks. In 1898 a
Rollbock facility was built at the station to enable
standard gauge freight wagons to be transferred from Vaihingen on the Filder Railway to run to
Degerloch,
Hohenheim and
Neuhausen. In 1902, the Filder Railway replaced the metre gauge tracks with
dual gauge tracks for freight. The Degerloch–Vaihingen section was electrified in 1904 and a connection was built from the Wallgraben to Schillerplatz (Vaihingen Ort station, in Vaihingen village) with the transfer of the line to the State Railways. On 22 November 1905, a second track was completed on the line between
Stuttgart West station and Böblingen. Additional tracks were built at the station during the next two years. To avoid confusion with Vaihingen (Enz) station on the
Western Railway (called
Vaihingen-Sersheim until 1906), Vaihingen station was changed to
Vaihingen (Filderstadt) station. The
Württembergische Nebenbahnen AG ("Württemberg Local Railway Company", the successor to the Filder Railway Company) closed the connection to Vaihingen Ort station on 15 April 1915 so that its copper wire could be used for military purposes during
World War I. The line was reopened on 28 October 1929 as the
Urban Filder Railway (
Städtische Filderbahn) and connected to the Stuttgart tramways. With the incorporation of Vaihingen in the city of Stuttgart on 1 April 1942, the station's name was changed a second time to
Stuttgart-Vaihingen. On 15 May 1944,
Stuttgart Tramways (
Stuttgarter Straßenbahnen AG, SSB) commenced passenger services from Möhringen to Vaihingen station and trams stopped running to Vaihingen Ort. The track to Möhringen was still served by freight until it was closed in 1981. From then until 2008, the SSB used the line for the transfer of U-Bahn carriages, but it now ends at a buffer. The creation of a loop via Herrenbergerstraße and Emilienstraße resulted in the establishment of new tram stops in 1963. One of these was near the station in Vollmoellerstraße.
Deutsche Bundesbahn rebuilt the station between 1980 and 1985 as part of the extension of the S-Bahn. Freight handling was moved to the eastern side and the level crossing of Mitterwurzerstraße was closed. The platforms were raised to conform with S-Bahn standards. At the same time a storage area for S-Bahn trains was created south of the station. A four-track
Stuttgart station was opened in the station forecourt. With the commissioning of the
Verbindungsbahn ("connection line") on 29 September 1985, S-Bahn operations began and regional trains no longer called at Stuttgart-Vaihingen. ==Operations ==