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Bottom feeder

A bottom feeder is an aquatic animal that feeds on or near the bottom of a body of water. Biologists often use the terms benthos—particularly for invertebrates such as shellfish, crabs, crayfish, sea anemones, starfish, snails, bristleworms and sea cucumbers—and benthivore or benthivorous, for fish and invertebrates that feed on material from the bottom. However the term benthos includes all aquatic life that lives on or near the bottom, which means it also includes non-animals, such as plants and algae. Biologists also use specific terms that refer to bottom feeding fish, such as demersal fish, groundfish, benthic fish and benthopelagic fish. Examples of bottom feeding fish species groups are flatfish, eels, cod, haddock, bass, carp, grouper, bream (snapper) and some species of catfish and sharks.

Feeding strategies
Many bottom feeders are detritivores, Bottom feeders may gather detritus manually, as some crab species do; or filter microparticles out of the water using suspension feeding. Other bottom feeders are herbivores or algivores that graze on living aquatic plants and macroalgae, as is the case in gastropods, chitons and some sea urchin species. Lastly, some bottom feeders are carnivorous and specialize in either using the floor terrain as cover to ambush other animals, One common hunting method is the animal using body movements to stir up and conceal itself with sediment, a tactic used by many species of flatfish; In darker deep waters, some bottom predators uses aggressive mimicry and bioluminescence to visually lure and ambush prey, as in the case of anglerfish. == Physiology ==
Physiology
In fish, most bottom feeders exhibit a flat ventral region so as to more easily rest their body on the substrate. Some flatfish such as halibut actually have a "migrating" eye that moves to the upward-facing side of the fish as it ages. ==Aquarium care==
Aquarium care
In the aquarium, bottom feeders are popular as it is perceived that they will clean the algae that grows in the tank. Generally, they are only useful for consuming the extra (fresh) food left by overfed or clumsy livestock; the added biomass of additional organisms means that the aquarium will likely be more dirty. Some specialized bottom feeders are more specifically sold as "algae eaters" to increase the amount of free oxygen and aesthetic appeal of a tank. ==See also==
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