1743–1766: Pre-formation The Sultans of Selangor are descended from a
Bugis dynasty that claim descent from the rulers of
Luwu in the
southern part of Celebes (today known as
Sulawesi). Nobles from this bloodline were involved in the dispute over the
Johor-
Riau Sultanate in the early 18th century, eventually placing their full support in the cause of
Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah of Johor of the Bendahara dynasty against the claimant to the Malaccan lineage, Raja Kechil. He appointed his son,
Raja Lumu to become
Yamtuan Selangor on 1743.
1766–1875: Beginnings of the Selangor Sultanate Raja Lumu did not succeed his father after the latter's death in 1745. Instead, his first cousin,
Daeng Kemboja was appointed as the third Yang di-Pertuan Muda of Riau. In February 1756, Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah of Johor, who assumed Selangor is still a part of his territory, offered the
Dutch to mine
tin ore in Selangor after helping his nephew, Raja Mahmud winning a civil war against his step-brother, Raja Alam. After the death of Sultan Salehuddin Shah on 1778, he was succeeded by his son, Raja Ibrahim Marhum Saleh, who then used the title
Sultan Ibrahim Shah. In 1784, he was defeated in the attack on
Kuala Selangor by the
Dutch, forcing him to leave Kota Malawati. He subsequently managed to occupy it back in less than a year with the help of the
Pahang Kingdom. Sultan Ibrahim Shah allied himself with
Perak Sultanate afterwards but the alliance fall apart in a debt dispute. He was unable to control his chiefs during his reign which resulted in the separation of Selangor into five individual territories;
Bernam,
Kuala Selangor,
Kelang,
Langat and
Lukut. His reign also saw the opening of tin mines in
Ampang District, which brought business to the people and the state. He gave the power of authority of
Klang to Raja Abdullah and
Langat to Tunku Kudin of Kedah, both of whom were his sons-in-law, in 1866 and 1868 respectively. Sultan Abdul Samad died at the age of 93 in February 1898 and was buried at
Makam Sultan Abdul Samad in
Jugra. Raja Muda Sulaiman ibni Almarhum Raja Muda Musa, the grandson of Sultan Abdul Samad rose to the throne, taking the title Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah on 1898 as the fifth Sultan of Selangor. His reign saw the increase in construction of houses, shops, roads, and railways especially in
Kuala Lumpur and
Klang. His first son,
Tengku Musa Eddin was named the heir apparent in 1920 but he was dismissed in 1934 following the allegation from the then British resident,
Theodore Samuel Adams as a gambler. Sultan Sulaiman pleaded the case to Secretary of State for the British Colonies but to no avail. Tengku Alam Shah, his third son was subsequently named the heir apparent in 1936. Sultan Sulaiman was succeeded by Tengku Alam Shah in 1938, using the title
Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah. Sultan Hisamuddin resumed his reign in September 1945. In the same year, he signed the
Malayan Union treaty, albeit under protest, along with the rest of the rulers of Malaya at the time. He later rejected the establishment of Malayan Union and openly supported the Malay nationalists who opposed the plan. He became the second
Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaya after the death of
Tuanku Abdul Rahman in 1960. In 1974, he signed the
1974 Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur Agreement which then established the
Federal Territory in Malaysia. Later, he commissioned the building of
Kota Darul Ehsan arch to commemorate this event and as a border mark between
Kuala Lumpur and
Selangor. After Kuala Lumpur was made Federal Territory, he proclaimed
Shah Alam as the new capital of Selangor. The capital is named after his father, Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah. His most notable legacy is the
Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Mosque, the largest mosque in Malaysia. Sultan Salahuddin was installed as the eleventh
Yang di-Pertuan Agong in 1999 for two years until his death in 2001. His son, Tengku Idris Shah, ascended the throne in 2001, taking the title of
Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah. ==Constitutional role==