Traditionally, before European-American contact, the
Agai Panina Ticutta peoples controlled an area of around the borders of what is defined as present-day Nevada, California, and Oregon. Other bands of Paiute, Shoshone and Bannock held territory throughout Nevada and southwestern Oregon. Their lands were unilaterally seized by the United States (US) government following the American Civil War. In 1867 this property became part of a military reservation,
Camp McGarry. After ending activities in this area, the military abandoned this camp in 1871. The buildings of Camp McGarry still standing have become tribal property. During the 1880s through the early 1900s, the state of Nevada did not allow Indian children to attend state public schools. The federal government forced tribal children to attend
Indian boarding schools at
Fort Bidwell, California; Stewart, Nevada; and the
Sherman Institute at
Riverside, California. These were intended to assimilate children to the majority culture; they were required to speak English at school and were mixed with children of many other tribes. To keep their children in their families, many tribal members moved away from the reservation. They sometimes joined growing Indian colonies on the outskirts of cities where the parents could find work. Some of these, such as the
Reno-Sparks Indian Colony, have since been formally
recognized by the federal government as tribes. The current tribal reservation was created on January 14, 1913, by President
Woodrow Wilson's
Executive Order number 1681, which set aside in trust for the tribe. On October 24, 1964, the Agai Panina Ticutta Tribe of the Northern Paiute Nation voted to give up their traditional form of government, with hereditary chiefs. They created a new elected government under the 1934
Indian Reorganization Act. Following this action, they received federal recognition as the Summit Lake Paiute Tribe on January 8, 1965. ==Today==