Super-injunctions in English law

The Neuberger Committee notes that the terminology surrounding privacy injunctions has been used imprecisely and the term "super-injunction" has been used to refer to: • Injunctions that provide anonymity for one or both parties. • Injunctions that prohibit reporting of the substantive facts and proceedings of a case. • Injunctions that provide anonymity for one or both parties, prohibit reporting of the substantive facts and proceedings of a case and prohibit access to court files. The committee adopt the definition that a super-injunction is An anonymised injunction is a type of injunction which restrains a person from publishing information concerning an applicant that is said to be confidential or private. An anonymised injunction differs from a super-injunction in that it does not restrain the publicising or informing of others of the existence of the order and the proceedings. The term "hyper-injunction" has been used to describe a type of super-injunction that also forbids a person from discussing the issue in question with journalists, lawyers or Members of Parliament. Such injunctions have been criticised as anti-democratic and the former Liberal Democrat MP John Hemming used Parliamentary privilege to reveal the existence of a hyper-injunction surrounding an allegation that the type of paint used in water tanks on some passenger ships could break down and release toxic chemicals. Super-injunctions are also applied in Northern Ireland. In January 2020, it was reported that seven super-injunctions were in effect in Northern Ireland. ==Cases==

Due to their very nature it is not possible to say exactly how many super-injunctions exist or have been issued. The Neuberger Committee that examined super-injunctions stated: "at present, there are records of only a limited number of cases; specific records are not at present kept in respect of such matters". The Neuberger Committee report does not specify how many have been granted in the past but does state that only two super-injunctions had been granted since the John Terry case: Ntuli v Donald [2010] EWCA Civ 1276) and DFT v TFD [2010] EWHC 2335 (QB). The Daily Telegraph reported in 2011 that 12 super-injunctions existed. Below are known super-injunctions that have become public: Several cases have been inaccurately described as super-injunctions in the media. These include: ==Disclosure==

There are several ways in which the public can learn of a super-injunction: ==Criticism==

Super-injunctions have been criticised on various grounds including that they stifle free speech; are ineffective; and risk drawing further attention to an issue. The Daily Mirror newspaper has criticised super-injunctions as existing only for an elite highlighting a poll that 79% of people believe super-injunctions exist for the rich and powerful alone. Super-injunctions have also been criticised on feminist grounds with Maeve Mckeown arguing that "superinjunction allows rich men to legally protect their reputations at the expense of less-rich women". ==See also==