Bivio Bivio is first mentioned about 840 as
de stabulo Bivio. At one time it was known, in German, as
Stallen and until 1895/1903 by its Italian name
Stalla.
Cunter Cunter is first mentioned in 1370 as
Contra.
Marmorera Marmorera is first mentioned about 840 as
ad Marmoraria. The old village was destroyed and flooded when the Marmorera dam was constructed. The current village was built above
Lai da Marmorera.
Mulegns Near Mulegns, around 600-500 BC, a
copper mine and
smelter were built in the Val Faller (Faller valley). The village was founded by a
Walser group during the 15th Century. It was first mentioned in 1521.
Riom-Parsonz Riom-Parsonz was created from the 1979 union of the municipalities of Parsonz and Riom. Riom is first mentioned in 841 as
villa Riamio and in
German it was known as
Reams. The other half, Parsonz is first mentioned in 1156 as
Presan and in German it was known as
Präsanz. Riom was inhabited during the
Roman era, from the 1st century through the 4th. During this time, it was a
mansio or way-station along the
Julier Pass road. After the
Fall of the Western Roman Empire, farmers and herders continued to live here during the
Early Middle Ages. In 840 it was personally owned by the king of
Raetia Curiensis and a local administrative center.
Savognin Savognin is first mentioned in 1154 as
Sueningin. An important
Bronze Age settlement is located on the Padnal hill to the south of town. In multiple excavations, many discoveries have been made, mostly from the period between 1800 and 1000 B.C. At least since the time of the
Romans, important travel routes have passed through the
Julier and
Septimer passes. Savognin came into the possession of the Bishops of
Chur in the 13th century. As part of the court of Oberhalbstein, for which Savognin acted as principal town and rural area, the town became a member of the
League of God's House. After its sale in 1552, the valley attained full sovereignty as part of the Free State of the
Three Leagues. The cattle industry and traffic through the passes formed the economic framework of the community since the Middle Ages. Periods of increase, for example, after Mount
Crap Ses was blown up in 1777, or when the Julier Road was improved between 1820 and 1840, were always followed by periods of decrease, most recently from too much competition after the opening of the
Gotthardbahn in 1882. At this stage Savognin was thrown back to being a peasants' village, and missed the next connection to the development of tourism. Jenische families were granted citizenship in the middle of the 19th century, as part of the
Law for the fight against Homelessness. The ascent to foreign vacation destination began only in the 1960s, with the construction of hotels, vacation apartments and aerial ropeways (
Piz Martegnas); the village was changing.
Sur The nearby
Spliatsch Castle was built around the beginning of the 13th Century by the
Marmels family. In 1663 the
Capuchin friars built the
baroque church of S. Catregna (Katharina) on the ruined foundations of the
medieval church of St. Bartholomäus. Today this church, together with the villages of
Mulegns and
Marmorera form a
parish. Until 1850 Sur was part of the municipality of Oberhalbstein in the
League of God's House. Before the construction of the
Rhaetian Railway Sur was a cluster of farm houses and a major side industry was providing guides to travellers.
Tinizong-Rona Tinizong is mentioned during the
Nervan–Antonine dynasty (96 to 192) of the
Roman Empire as
Tinetione, a station on the Roman
Septimer Pass route. Rona is first mentioned in 1330 as
Rouenam. In 1377 it was mentioned as
Rouvena, and in 1412 as
Rofna. ==Geography==