Sussex wine

It is likely that wine has been produced in Sussex for around 2,000 years. It is likely that wine was produced either by the late Iron Age tribes such as the Belgae and Regni or by the Romans who governed what was to become Sussex. It is likely vineyards in England produced significant amounts of wine in the 12th and early 13th centuries. However this came to an end in the 13th and 14th centuries as the Medieval Warm Period began to end, the Black Death reduced the workforce and wine was increasingly imported from Gascony. By 1275 the vineyard at Battle Abbey had ceased grape production. The Bolney wine estate was established at Bolney near Haywards Heath in 1972 by Janet and Rodney Pratt, and was one of the first commercial vineyards in England. There are numerous other vineyards throughout the county on various soils ranging from chalky soils such as Rathfinny in Alfriston, to clay and silt over sandstone in the Rother Valley such as Oastbrook Estate in Bodiam. Peter Hall planted his vineyard at Breaky Bottom on the South Downs near Lewes in 1974 at a time when there were only a dozen or so growers in the whole country. Plumpton College is the UK's specialist centre for wine research and training. Its purpose-built wine centre opened in 2014. It is the only establishment in Europe to offer undergraduate degrees in Wine Business and Production taught in the English language. ==Geography and climate==

The region has a warm climate and soil types similar to the Champagne district, which lies on the 49th parallel north, while the Sussex Weald lies on the 51st parallel north.One vineyard, Oastbrook sits exactly on the parallel, Sussex has many south-facing slopes, which are suitable for growing the grape varieties found in sparkling wine, such as Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier. ==Viticulture and grapes==

Oastbrook Estate near Bodiam grows Pinot Meunier, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris and Pinot Blanc grapes on its south-facing slopes. In the 20th century the cooler climate had restricted the varieties of grape that could grow in Sussex to a range of Germanic varieties. ==Winemaking and styles==

Classification The application for PDO status was the second in the UK after the Camel Valley in Cornwall was submitted in 2012. Sussex was the first major wine area in the UK to apply. Since protected status was given to Sussex wines in 2016, wine producers must meet stringent quality guidelines in order to display the name of the county on their wines. The first wine to be produced under the Sussex PDO scheme was approved in 2016 for Rathfinny estate. PDO status means that all wines using the name 'Sussex wine' have to be produced in Sussex from grapes grown in Sussex. The idea came from Jamie Everett, chief operating officer of the Rathfinny estate, one of England's newest vineyards. The consortium, which includes the larger and older vineyards Ridgeview and Bolney estates, has the backing of the UK government. At least half the vineyards supported the bid to give protected status to wine made from grapes grown in Sussex. ==Wineries==

Sussex boasts the largest and most densely planted cluster of vineyards (23 in total) in the UK. In 2016 wine made in East and West Sussex accounted for about a quarter of the total produced in England. ==See also==