Symmedian

Many times in geometry, if we take three special lines through the vertices of a triangle, or cevians, then their reflections about the corresponding angle bisectors, called isogonal lines, will also have interesting properties. For instance, if three cevians of a triangle intersect at a point , then their isogonal lines also intersect at a point, called the isogonal conjugate of . The symmedians illustrate this fact. • In the diagram, the medians (in black) intersect at the centroid . • Because the symmedians (in red) are isogonal to the medians, the symmedians also intersect at a single point, . This point is called the triangle's symmedian point, or alternatively the Lemoine point or Grebe point. The dotted lines are the angle bisectors; the symmedians and medians are symmetric about the angle bisectors (hence the name "symmedian.") == Construction of the symmedian ==

Let be a triangle. Construct a point by intersecting the tangents from and to the circumcircle. Then is the symmedian of through vertex A. First proof. Let the reflection of across the angle bisector of meet at . Then: \frac = \frac\frac=1 Second proof. Define as the isogonal conjugate of . It is easy to see that the reflection of about the bisector is the line through parallel to . The same is true for , and so, is a parallelogram. is clearly the median, because a parallelogram's diagonals bisect each other, and is its reflection about the bisector. Third proof. Let be the circle with center passing through and , and let be the circumcenter of . Say lines intersect at , respectively. Since , triangles and are similar. Since :\angle PBQ = \angle BQC + \angle BAC = \frac{\angle BDC + \angle BOC}{2} = 90^\circ, we see that is a diameter of and hence passes through . Let be the midpoint of . Since is the midpoint of , the similarity implies that , from which the result follows. Fourth proof. Let be the midpoint of the arc . , so is the angle bisector of . Let be the midpoint of , and It follows that is the inverse of with respect to the circumcircle. From that, we know that the circumcircle is an Apollonian circle with foci . So is the bisector of angle , and we have achieved our wanted result. ==Tetrahedra==

The concept of a symmedian point extends to (irregular) tetrahedra. Given a tetrahedron two planes through are isogonal conjugates if they form equal angles with the planes and . Let be the midpoint of the side . The plane containing the side that is isogonal to the plane is called a symmedian plane of the tetrahedron. The symmedian planes can be shown to intersect at a point, the symmedian point. This is also the point that minimizes the squared distance from the faces of the tetrahedron.{{citation|first1=Jawad|last1=Sadek|first2=Majid|last2=Bani-Yaghoub|first3=Noah|last3=Rhee|title=Isogonal Conjugates in a Tetrahedron|journal=Forum Geometricorum ==References==