Synanthropic plants include
pineapple weed,
dandelion,
chicory, and
plantain. Plant synanthropes are classified into two main types – apophytes and anthropophytes.
Apophytes are synanthropic species that are native in origin. They can be subdivided into the following: • Cultigen apophytes – spread by cultivation methods • Ruderal apophytes – spread by development of marginal areas • Pyrophyte apophytes – spread by fires • Zoogen apophytes – spread by grazing animals • Substitution apophytes – spread by logging or voluntary extension
Anthropophytes are synanthropic species of foreign origin, whether introduced voluntarily or involuntarily. They can be subdivided into the following: • Archaeophytes – introduced before the end of the 15th century • Kenophytes – introduced after the 15th century • Ephemerophytes – anthropophytic plants that appear episodically • Subspontaneous – voluntarily introduced plants that have escaped cultivation and survived in the wild without further human intervention for a certain period. • Adventive – involuntarily introduced plants that have escaped cultivation and survived in the wild without further human intervention for a certain period. • Naturalized or Neophytes – involuntarily introduced plants that now appear to thrive along with the native flora indefinitely. ==See also==