The systems sciences are a broad array of fields. One way of conceiving of these is in three groups: fields that have developed systems ideas primarily through theory; those that have done so primarily through practical engagements with problem situations; and those that have applied ideas for other disciplines.
Theoretical fields Chaos and dynamical systems Complexity Control theory •
Affect control theory •
Control engineering •
Control systems Cybernetics •
Autopoiesis •
Conversation theory •
Engineering cybernetics •
Perceptual control theory •
Management cybernetics •
Second-order cybernetics •
Cyber-physical system •
Artificial intelligence •
Synthetic intelligence Information theory General systems theory •
Systems theory in anthropology •
Biochemical systems theory •
Ecological systems theory •
Developmental systems theory •
General systems theory •
Living systems theory •
LTI system theory •
Social systems •
Sociotechnical systems theory •
Mathematical system theory •
World-systems theory Hierarchy Theory Practical fields Critical systems thinking Operations research and management science Soft systems methodology The soft systems methodology was developed in
England by academics at the
University of Lancaster Systems Department through a ten-year
action research programme. The main contributor is
Peter Checkland (born 18 December 1930, in Birmingham, UK), a British management scientist and emeritus professor of systems at Lancaster University.
Systems analysis Systems analysis branch of systems science that analyzes systems, the interactions within those systems, or interaction with its environment, often prior to their automation as computer models. Systems analysis is closely associated with the
RAND corporation.
Systemic design Systemic design integrates methodologies from
systems thinking with advanced design practices to address complex, multi-stakeholder situations.
Systems dynamics :
System dynamics is an approach to understanding the behavior of
complex systems over time. It offers "simulation technique for modeling business and social systems", which deals with internal feedback loops and time delays that affect the behavior of the entire system. What makes using system dynamics different from other approaches to studying complex systems is the use of
feedback loops and
stocks and flows.
Systems engineering :Systems engineering (SE) is an interdisciplinary field of
engineering, that focuses on the development and organization of complex
systems. It is the "art and science of creating whole solutions to complex problems", for example:
signal processing systems,
control systems and
communication system, or other forms of high-level modelling and design in specific fields of engineering. Systems Science is foundational to the
Embedded Software Development that is founded in the embedded requirements of Systems Engineering. •
Aerospace systems •
Biological systems engineering •
Earth systems engineering and management •
Electronic systems •
Enterprise systems engineering •
Software systems •
Systems analysis Applications in other disciplines Earth system science •
Climate systems •
Systems geology Systems biology •
Computational systems biology •
Synthetic biology •
Systems immunology •
Systems neuroscience Systems chemistry Systems ecology •
Ecosystem ecology •
Agroecology Systems psychology •
Ergonomics •
Family systems theory •
Systemic therapy == See also ==