Tai Hongjin can be split into five dialects, which are often
mutually unintelligible (Zhou 2001:14). •
Yuánxīn 元新 (
Yuanyang-Xinping):
Honghe County 红河县,
Yuanyang County 元阳县 of
Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture 红河州;
Xinping Yi and Dai Autonomous County 新平彝族傣族自治县 of
Yuxi City 玉溪市. •
Yǒngwǔ 永武 (
Yongren-Wuding):
Yongren County 永仁县,
Wuding County 武定县,
Lufeng County 禄丰县,
Dayao County 大姚县 — all in
Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture 楚雄彝族自治州. •
Mǎguān 马关:
Maguan County of
Wenshan Prefecture. •
Yuánjiāng 元江:
Honghe County 红河县,
Yuanyang County 元阳县 of
Honghe Prefecture 红河州;
Yuanjiang County 元江县 of
Yuxi City 玉溪市. •
Lǜshí 绿石 (
Lüchun-Shiping):
Lüchun County 绿春县,
Shiping County 石屏县,
Jianshui County 建水县 — all in
Honghe Prefecture 红河州. This dialect has more open rimes and nasal finals. The total number of Tai Hongjin speakers combined is 136,000 (Zhou 2001:14). A related but separate
Tai language called
Dǎi Jīnpíng (金平傣语) is spoken in
Jinping County (金平县),
Honghe Prefecture (红河州), which Zhou (2001) reports as having 15,400 speakers. This language has its own
traditional script as well (see Zhou 2001:379).
Heipu Heipu 黑蒲 (
autonym:
Kalang 卡郎 '
; also called Baiyi'
摆彝 by the Han Chinese) is a variety of Tai Ya
(傣雅) spoken by 118 people in the two villages of Shitouzhai (石头寨) and Xiaomiao (小庙) in Panlong Township (盘龙乡), District 5 (五区), Xinping County, Yunnan (You 2013:268). Heipu (黑蒲) is a Han Chinese exonym referring to their practice of teeth blackening. In Xinping County, the Heipu also refer to themselves as the Tai Kha'' (傣卡) (You 2013:336). It is mutually intelligible with Tai Ya as spoken in District 4 (四区) of Xinping County. However, Heipu is unique in that it has only four tones, and has lost the final stops -p, -t, -k. Heipu is not to be confused with two other groups of the same name: •
Heipu 黑蒲, an ethnic
Zhuang group in
Lijiang County, Yunnan with a population of 675 (You 2013:55). •
Heipu 黑蒲, an ethnic
Bulang group in
Mojiang County, Yunnan with the autonym
Wa 娃 (You 2013:335-336). ==Phonology==