In 1944, Jewish Ukrainian businessman
Michael Kogan founded Taitung in
Shanghai. Kogan, a refugee of the
Soviet Union, had previously worked in a factory in Japan during the country's involvement in
World War II before moving to Shanghai to join his father. The company's name, written in
Kanji as 太東 (Pinyin:
tàidōng, Japanese reading:
taitō), is composed of the characters 太 from 猶太 ("Judea") and 東, meaning "East", ostensibly alluding to his position as a Jew in the Far East diaspora. Taitung dealt in floor coverings, natural hair wigs, and hog bristles. Taito Trading Company began as a vodka distillery—the first company to produce vodka in Japan—and an importer of peanut vending machines and perfume machines. Increasing competition led to Taito abandoning the vodka business in 1955 and focusing on its successful vending machines, in addition to importing jukeboxes. In 1968,
Crown Basketball debuted in the US as the highest-earning arcade game at the 1968 Tampa Fair.
1970s–1980s Taito changed its name from Taito Trading Company to Taito Corporation in August 1972. It established its American subsidiary in 1973 in downtown Chicago, Taito America, which would later develop games of its own such as
Qix. This led to his development of the
Pong-style
sports video games Soccer and
Davis Cup for Taito, with
Soccer developed first He then developed several original arcade video game hits for Taito, notably the sports game
TV Basketball (1974), the
racing game Speed Race (1974), and the
shooter game Western Gun (1975); these three titles were localized by
Midway Manufacturing in North America as
TV Basketball,
Wheels, and
Gun Fight, respectively. In 1978, Nishikado created
Space Invaders, which became the company's most popular title and one of the most popular games in
arcade history, partially responsible for beginning the
golden age of arcade video games. After Michael Kogan died in February 1984, his son, Abraham "Abba" Kogan, became Taito's chairman and Akio Nakanishi became its president. In April 1986 and barely a month after becoming part of the
Kyocera group, Taito merged with two of its subsidiaries, Pacific Industrial Co., Ltd. and the Japan Vending Machine Co., Ltd, and absorbed them both. Japan Vending Machine was once an independent company but was purchased by Taito in July 1971 to strengthen its presence in the operation of amusement facilities. Pacific Industrial was created by Taito itself in 1963 to develop products for the company. Taito America ceased operations in July 1996 after more than 20 years of existence. Taito had already sold exclusive rights for publishing its games in America to
Acclaim Entertainment the previous year. Similarly, a division existed in
London,
England,
United Kingdom to distribute Taito games in Europe.
Taito (Europe) Corporation Limited was created in 1988 and liquidated in February 1998. When Taito was owned by
Kyocera, its headquarters were in
Hirakawachō,
Chiyoda. In October 2000, Taito merged with Kyocera Multimedia Corporation to enter the market of mobile phones for the first time. ,
Kanagawa Prefecture. Opened in 1979, it closed in 2014. In August 2005, it was announced that the gaming conglomerate
Square Enix would purchase 247,900 Taito shares worth ¥45.16 billion (
US$409.1 million), to make Taito Corporation a subsidiary of Square Enix. The purpose of the takeover by Square Enix was to both increase Taito's profit margin as well as begin its company's expansion into new forms of gaming, most notably, the arcade scene, and various other entertainment venues. The takeover bid from Square Enix was accepted by previous stockholder Kyocera, making Taito a Square Enix subsidiary. On September 22, 2005, Square Enix announced successfully acquiring 93.7% of all shares of Taito, effectively owning the company by September 28, 2005. In March 2006, Square Enix wanted to make Taito a wholly owned subsidiary. Taito became a subsidiary wholly owned by Square Enix and was delisted from the First Section of the
Tokyo Stock Exchange.
2010s–present In February 2010, Taito's unit for home video games split into a separate company called Taito Soft Corporation (not to be confused with Taito Software, the North American division of the late 1980s). All of Taito's franchises for video game consoles in Japan are since published by Square Enix. Square Enix Holdings wanted all of its arcade operations to be regrouped into one subsidiary. The third and present Taito Corporation came to being on February 1, 2010, by merging the second company (formerly SQEX/Game Designers Studio) with ES1 Corporation. In an "absorption-type company split" move, the second company was split and renamed Taito Soft Corporation, while ES1 Corporation became the third Taito Corporation. On November 30, 2016, Taito announced that it will distribute
Space Invaders and
Arkanoid for
Facebook with Instant Games on
Facebook Messenger and Facebook News Feed. On July 3, 2018, Taito announced in Famitsu that it will return to the software publishing business for the
eighth generation of video game consoles. The intention to return to the home console market came about because the company decided that it would be necessary to release Taito's intellectual properties on current platforms in order to increase profit. The company has various properties planned in its software pipeline, from re-releases to new titles for various platforms; however, Taito highlighted that the console software market is a challenging business for the company. Taito intends to develop original games for consoles in the future. ==Organization==