Muhammad began his rule in early 1921, after the reign of Emir Abdullah bin Mutaib ended, which signaled the end of the
Emirate of Jabal Shammar.
Abdulaziz Al Saud,
Emir of Nejd and future
King of Saudi Arabia, made it his goal to take over the territory of Jabal Shammar. Emir Muhammad, the people of Ha'il, and the
Shammar and
Bani Tamim tribes fought several battles against the Al Saud forces, but Abdulaziz was triumphant, and the Emirate of Ha'il (Jabal Shammar) was subsumed into the Saudi state. Ha'il fell to Abdulaziz on 2 November 1921. Afterwards, Muhammad bin Talal moved to Riyadh. ==Personal life and death==