Oldest settlements The oldest settlement in the town was found on a hilltop near the present-day Cuyapo-Munos trail, where a sacred balete tree stood and travelers and farmers came to rest. The area later became known as
Talugtug-Balete, which became a barrio of the Municipality of Cuyapo in 1917. A part of the barrio was later absorbed into the Municipality of Guimba and became the barrio of San Isidro. During this time, Mariano Mendoza, Pablo Dacayo, Andres Dumandan and Severino Cachuela became the
tenientes del barrio of old Talugtug.
Establishment as a municipality After World War II, members of the town held a meeting on November 3, 1946, to launch the proposed creation of a separate municipality. The meeting was chaired by Romualdo Estillore, with aid from officers Aniceto Feliciano, Simeon Ramos, and Fermin Ancheta, while the campaign for the town's creation was heavily supported by the locals. The proposal was presented to the provincial board on December 6, 1946, and approved on February 12, 1947. On January 10, 1948, President
Manuel Roxas signed Executive Order No. 113, officially creating Talutug as the 26th municipality of Nueva Ecija.
Talugtug massacre In 1982, the Talugtug massacre occurred, where the Marcos-controlled military roused seven commonfolk Ilocanos Talugtug residents from their sleep, accused them of being part the anti-dictatorship resistance, and killed five - Gavino Cenese, David Vergel, Jaime Besis, Fernando Sardan, and Dominador Ramos while another two, Severino Bela and Gaudencio Dulay, were never seen again." ==Geography==