Immigration and Checkpoints Authority

Overview ICA oversees most immigration and identification related matters in Singapore. At its Kallang Road headquarters, services are provided from "cradle to grave", starting from birth registration to the issuance of identity cards and finally to the registering of deaths. ICA also carries out its border control duties on both goods and people at most ports of entries in Singapore. Legal Powers Civil servants in ICA employed under the Home Affairs Services scheme (legally defined as "immigration officers") primarily enforce the Immigration Act (Cap 133) and the Passports Act (Cap 220). ICA also enforces the National Registration Act (Cap 201). Immigration officers can prohibit entry to any person or class of persons for any reason related to the conditions of Singapore. Since 2018, immigration officers have policing powers of search and arrest within the checkpoints and in their immediate vicinity. ICA officers deployed as cargo and baggage examination officers are empowered under the Customs Act (Cap 70) to search people and conveyances at all ports of entry in Singapore. They can then seize any controlled items or contraband found before referring them to the appropriate Controlling Agency such as Singapore Customs or the Central Narcotics Bureau (CNB). The most common contraband are duty-unpaid cigarettes and tobacco products due to the high duties imposed on them. Other examples include narcotics, replica firearms, wild animals and unlicensed medicine. Immigration enforcement Immigration offenders are referred to ICA's Enforcement Division (ED) which oversees investigation, prosecution and repatriation matters. Investigation officers will investigate potential offences, interview suspects and witnesses and share information with other agencies if necessary. Prosecution officers from ICA work together with deputy public prosecutors at the Attorney-General's Chambers to ensure that offenders are lawfully detained and given trial. Examples of common offences include the harbouring of immigration offenders, employing immigrants illegally or entering marriages of convenience. Home owners who have been found guilty of renting their houses to immigration offenders and not carrying out one or more of the mandatory checks may be sentenced to a jail term, fine or both. Counter-terrorism ICA is Singapore's first line of defence against potential terrorist threats by restricting the movement of security sensitive persons across international borders. ICA also works closely with other agencies such as the Police and ISD to prevent terrorist attacks from occurring in Singapore. After the escape of Mas Selamat in 2008, all checkpoints immediately stepped up security checks. During the lead-up to the 2018 Trump-Kim Summit, Home Affairs Minister K. Shanmugam revealed that four people had been turned away at the checkpoints for terrorism related reasons. ICA is part of the Inter-Agency Coordination Group within the Republic of Singapore Navy's Maritime Security Task Force. ICA participated in the 2011 Exercise Northstar, in which immigration officers boarded ships to check for immigration offenders, firearms and explosives. ICA also participated in the 2013 Exercise Highcrest which simulated terrorist attacks on one of Singapore's checkpoints. In 2020, ICA stepped up its security measures and increased patrols after a series of terrorist attacks in France. Sixteen foreigners were also repatriated after investigations by ISD. ==History==

Early years (1915–1964) Immigration and Registration Department When the Straits Settlement was first established, immigration control was minimal to facilitate free trade. Entry control began when the colonial government enacted the Quarantine and Prevention of Disease Ordinance in 1915. In 1933, the Immigration Department was established to administer the Aliens Ordinance which placed quotas on newcomers entering Singapore. This effectively ended the freedom of travel in Singapore. Ordinance No. 5 of 1952 (The Immigration Ordinance) came into force on 1 August 1953, setting the foundation of immigration law in Singapore. The Immigration Ordinance was amended in 1959 after Singapore was granted sovereignty. The amendment gave Singaporeans the right of entry into the Colony. The desire to limit the entry of those who might have communist sympathies extended to the creation of a new Immigration Bill in 1950. When Singapore merged with Malaya, Sabah and Sarawak to form the Federation of Malaysia in 1963, immigration came under the jurisdiction of the federal government and the Immigration Department became a federal agency in Kuala Lumpur. Customs and Excise Customs control was started when the Monopolies Department was founded in 1910 to collect excise duties on goods such as hard liquors and opium. In 1916, the colonial government began taxing tobacco products on import to raise funds for the war effort. In 1932, the Customs headquarters was shifted to the Customs House from Cecil Street. The Excise Department replaced the Monopolies Department in 1936 and in 1938, the Excise Department was renamed the Department of Customs & Excise. All Home Team agencies deployed at the checkpoints must report to the Domain Commander. In 2017, the amended National Registration Act empowered ICA officers to investigate and enforce offences under said Act. On 30 March 2017, it was announced that Woodlands Town Centre would be absorbed by the new Woodlands Checkpoint extension. On 1 April 2018, the amended Immigration Act took effect. ICA officers would now perform roles as first responders. The amendment gave immigration officers the legal powers of police officers in relation to offences committed in the vicinity of checkpoints. On 3 September 2018, Marvin Sim became the Commissioner of ICA. He was previously senior director of Joint Operations Group at MHA and deputy director at CNB. On 10 May 2019 during its Work Plan Seminar, ICA announced its new crest, mission and vision. The organisation's values remain unchanged. On 25 November 2019, ICA took over the investigation of offences under the National Registration Act and National Registration Regulations. These offences were previously investigated by the SPF. COVID-19 pandemic In January 2020, ICA became the first line of defence against the COVID-19 pandemic. The Singapore government immediately started border health control procedures, announcing travel bans on foreign visitors arriving from affected areas and temperature screening at checkpoints. Incoming travellers were issued health advisories. Stay-Home Notices (SHN) and other enhanced measures were later added to contain the outbreak. Counter services in the ICA Building became strictly for selected services that cannot be done or completed online or by e-appointment only. All applications are to be done online. Members of the public should use the e-Services at the ICA Building. If you have made the application earlier and the process requires you to proceed to the building itself for physical collection (e.g. NRIC and passports), you will have to book the appointment via the e-Appointment service. Stay-Home Notices were issued by ICA to travellers who were deemed to be "at-risk", such as those returning from affected areas. Such travellers were not allowed to leave their place of stay for a 14-day period, starting from the day of arrival. A Singaporean who was served his stay-home notice on arrival back into Singapore, posted on social media a photo of him eating bak kut teh, a meat soup dish in Singapore, on the same day he arrived in Singapore. He was later convicted of breaching his stay-home notice. From 27 March 2020, Stay-Home Notices were issued by email. On 28 March 2020, entry requirements were extended to all Long Term Pass holders. They would have to obtain an Approval Letter of Entry before travelling to Singapore. On 10 April 2020, it was announced that a cluster of COVID-19 cases at the ICA building at Kallang Road, where 3 officers had tested positive for the coronavirus. The building was closed for a day on 11 April for disinfection purposes. On 1 April 2022, the Causeway fully reopened at midnight, signalling the return to normalcy since Malaysia closed the land border with Singapore on March 18, 2020. On 13 February 2023, Singapore reverted to DORSCON Green, which meant the cessation of all COVID-19 related border measures. However, returning travellers from air and sea checkpoints were still required to complete a health declaration form. == Checkpoints ==

Below is a list of Singapore's ports of entries for persons, conveyances and goods. All of them fall under the purview of the ICA. Only two, Tuas and Woodlands Checkpoints are fully owned by ICA. Land Domain • Tuas Command • Woodlands Command • Woodlands Train Checkpoint (WTCP) • Woodlands Checkpoint (NWC) • Old Woodlands Checkpoint (OWC) Woodlands Command is the world's busiest land checkpoint, clearing more than 100 million travellers every year. It consists of Woodlands Checkpoint, WTCP, Old Woodlands Checkpoint and Woodlands Mini-checkpoint. The Woodlands Mini-checkpoint consists of ten immigration counters used to clear motorcycles during the morning peak period. The Old Woodlands Checkpoint is open to cars, motorcycles and lorries carrying cargo depending on the traffic situation. It was first re-gazetted as an immigration depot in 2008 to clear departing lorries. in 2009, it was expanded to be able to clear motorcycles and arriving lorries. In 2013, the installation of car booths enabled OWC to clear all forms of arriving traffic. Air Domain • Airport Command • Singapore Changi Airport • Seletar Airport • Air Cargo Command • Airport Logistics Park of Singapore • Changi Airfreight Centre • Parcel Post Section Sea Domain • Coastal Command • Singapore Cruise Centre • Marina Bay Cruise Centre Singapore • Tanah Merah Ferry Terminal • Changi Ferry Terminal • Changi Point Ferry Terminal • Jurong Fishery Port • Marina South Pier • West Coast Pier ICA's Coastal Command is the largest command in ICA in terms of the number of checkpoints, stretching from the East to the West of the country. • Ports Command • Port of Singapore • Sembawang Port • Jurong Port • Keppel Distripark • Ports Command HQ ==Personnel==

Officers Immigration officers in ICA are considered public servants by law and are part of the Singapore Civil Service. Since the implementation of the Home Affairs Services (HAS) (ICA) Unified scheme, new officers join as Direct-Entry Sergeants and Direct-Entry Inspectors. Direct-Entry Sergeants need minimally 5 O'level passes and they can range from ITE graduates to polytechnic diploma holders. Direct-Entry Inspectors must be graduates from a university accredited by its home country. Newly trained Sergeants will become Primary Screening Officers, while Inspectors will become Team Leaders in their foundation posting. Regardless, all new officers will be posted to Tuas, Woodlands or Coastal Command. There is a separate scheme for civilian officers in ICA. These officers, who are known as "Management Executives" are typically deployed to ICA's services centres and do not perform border security functions at the checkpoints. ICA also employs temporary staff and administrative assistants to provide customer service support. Training All ICA direct-entry Sergeants and Inspectors must attend and pass the ICA Basic Course which is held regularly at the Home Team Academy. The Basic Course includes lessons on document examination, basic unarmed combat and basic firearms training. The Basic Course lasts twenty three weeks for Direct-Entry Inspectors All Immigration Officers are placed under this scheme regardless of education level. As part of the unified scheme, the ranks of Corporal and Staff Sergeant were collapsed into a single Sergeant rank with numerical increments. The ranks of Senior Checkpoint Inspector were removed and suitable Checkpoint Inspectors would be promoted to Inspectors instead. A new rank, Deputy Assistant Commissioner was added to provide more opportunities for officers at the middle management level. At present, ranks in the ICA are similar to those in the Singapore Police Force with some changes in insignia and naming (see table below). Awards and decorations The Long Service medals were introduced in 2013 to recognise the dedication and performance of senior ICA officers. Medals • Pingat Kepujian (Commendation Medal) - The medal may be awarded to any of the following persons who has distinguished himself through commendable performance and conduct, or significant efficiency, competence and devotion to duty. • Pingat Berkebolehan (Efficiency Medal) - The medal may be awarded to any of the following persons for exceptional efficiency or exceptional devotion to duty or for work of special significance. • Pingat Bakti Setia (Long Service Award) - The medal may be awarded to any person who has completed 25 years continuous service in the service of the government or associated agencies. • Good Service Medal • Long Service and Good Conduct Medal (10 Years) :: A Clasp may be awarded to a recipient of the 10 Years Medal on his completion of at least 15 years of continuous and unbroken qualifying service and a second Clasp on his completion of at least 20 years of continuous and unbroken qualifying service. :* Long Service and Good Conduct Medal (35 Years) ==Equipment==

Firearms Under Section 38A of the Immigration Act, all immigration officers shall be issued arms and ammunition as necessary. In practice, only qualified officers serving in protective security related roles are issued firearms. The service firearm is the 5-shot Taurus Model 85 revolver. Other equipment include handcuffs, flexicuffs and expandable batons. Uniform Since 2003, the uniform has not changed from its current Navy Blue design which was chosen to establish ICA as a member of the Home Team. The uniform comes in different designs to suit the varied operating environments of ICA. The basic field uniform consists of a short-sleeved dress shirt and pants with a dress or duty belt as appropriate. This uniform can be most often seen in the Land and Sea checkpoints. Inspectors and above typically wear a bush jacket (for men) or a tunic (for women). A dress skirt is also available for female officers. Air Domain officers working at Changi Airport wear two-piece suits with ties to conform with airport guidelines, while sea-going clearance team officers wear long-sleeve coastal uniforms that resemble the SAF's Number 4 uniform. Cargo examination officers are issued polo shirts due to their warm operational environment. A unique ICC domain insignia was created in 2016 for each domain of the ICC, which symbolizes a shared identity for all HT officers working in that domain. At ICA's 2019 Workplan Seminar, the New Clearance Concept was introduced. Foreign visitors would fill in an electronic disembarkation card or e-DE card. They would be then allowed to use ICA's automated immigration gates upon arrival. Singaporeans will no longer have to present their passports or their thumbprints for immigration clearance at the automated gates. Instead, facial recognition technology will be utilised. In 2020, ICA announced the cessation of physical embarkation cards. Arriving travellers would be directed to use the SG Arrival Card, an electronic embarkation card with apps in Google Play and Apple's App Store. In view of the COVID-19 pandemic, all travellers entering Singapore from 27 March 2020 were to fill in electronic health declaration cards integrated into the SG Arrival Card website. Biometric verification ICA has progressively implemented the use of biometric verification to improve security at its checkpoints. ICA employs the use of biometry to find persons of interests and has deployed a suitcase sized facial recognition system to different checkpoints In 1997, ICA implemented the Checkpoint Access Cards. which used fingerprint data to facilitate entry. The system was called Immigration Automated Clearance System or IACS. Later in 2006, the system was upgraded to the Enhanced Automated Immigration Clearance System (EIACS). In 2005, the Biometric Database for Immigration Clearance (BDIC) was introduced. This was a biometric database that contained all the biometric records of immigration offenders and police criminal records. This was used to supplement text-based blacklist screening and prevented undesirable travellers from entering Singapore with a fraudulent passport. In October 2006, ICA began issuing biometric passports to Singapore citizens. In October 2017, ICA started issuance of new biometric passports with additional security features. This marked the second series of biometrics passports issued by Singapore. Singapore citizens and Permanent Residents have their iris bio-data registered as well. In 2016, ICA began the biometric registering and verification of travelers using the Bioscreen system. In 2019, ICA announced the launch of iris scanning and facial recognition trials. This would allow passport-less travel for its citizens and permanent residents. Passport-less clearance began in 2024. At Changi Airport's Terminal 4, there are Automated Immigration Gates (AIGs) which allow foreigners one-time use of automated immigration clearance. ==Notes==