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Roland TB-303

The Roland TB-303 Bass Line is a bass synthesizer released by Roland Corporation in 1981. Designed to simulate bass guitars, it was a commercial failure and was discontinued in 1984. However, cheap second-hand units were adopted by electronic musicians, and its "squelching" or "chirping" sound became a foundation of electronic dance music genres such as acid house, Chicago house and techno. It has inspired numerous clones.

Design and features
The TB-303 was manufactured by the Japanese company Roland. It was designed by Tadao Kikumoto, who also designed the Roland TR-909 drum machine. It was marketed as a "computerised bass machine" to replace the bass guitar. The TB-303 can produce a sawtooth wave or a square wave. This is fed into a 24 dB/octave low-pass filter, which is manipulated by an envelope generator. Notes are programmed using the internal sequencer. ==Release==
Release
The TB-303 was released in 1981 and retailed for US$395 () or £234 (). In the US, Roland did not supply an English-language instruction manual, which made learning to program it difficult. == Legacy ==
Legacy
The Indian musician Charanjit Singh's 1982 album Synthesizing: Ten Ragas to a Disco Beat features an early use of a TB-303, alongside the TR-808 drum machine. It remained obscure until the early 21st century, when it was reissued and recognized as a precursor to acid house. Singh influenced the Bollywood music producer Bappi Lahiri, who experimented with tweaked TB-303 basslines for several Indian disco film songs released in 1983: "Koi Lutera" in Wanted: Dead or Alive, "Aah Ha Oonh Hun" in Do Gulaab, and "Tum Tum Tumba" in Karate. The first song using the TB-303 to enter the top ten of the UK singles chart was "Rip It Up" (1983) by the Scottish band Orange Juice. The same year, Japanese musician Ryo Kawasaki used the TB-303 with a TR-808 and synth guitar in his electronic jazz album Lucky Lady (1983). The Chicago group Phuture bought a cheap TB-303 and began experimenting. By manipulating the synthesizer as it played, they created a unique "squelching, resonant and liquid sound". This became the foundation of the single "Acid Tracks" (1987), often credited as the first acid house track. With the TB-303 as a staple sound, acid house became popular worldwide, particularly as part of the UK's emerging rave culture known as the second summer of love. In 1995, the TB-303 was distorted and processed on Josh Wink's hit "Higher State of Consciousness" and on Daft Punk's "Da Funk". The English producer Fatboy Slim admired the simplicity of the controls, and named his first single "Everybody Needs a 303" (1996). In 2011, the Guardian named the release of the TB-303 one of the 50 key events in the history of dance music. As of 2014, units sold for over £1,200. == Successors ==
Successors
The TB-303 has inspired numerous software emulations and clones, such as the TD-3 by Behringer, released in 2019. In 2014, Roland released the TB-3 Touch Bassline, with a touchpad interface and MIDI and USB connections. In 2017, Roland released the TB-03, a miniaturized model featuring an LED display and delay and overdrive effects. ==References==
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