Teip

Common teip rules and some features include: • The right of communal land tenure. • Honor killing, if the honor of one of the members is violated, is often applied in cases of murder, rape, denigrating remarks against a female member of the family, or in cases of homosexuality. This also concerns women for non-marital relations, loss of virginity, adoption of deviant morals, and having dishonored the family. • Unconditional exogamy. (But marriages between members of the same clan are prohibited) • Election of a teip representative. • Election of a headman. • Election of a military leader in case of war. • Open sessions of the Council of Elders. • The right of the teip to depose its representatives. • Male relatives represent women. • The right of adoption of outside people. • The transfer of property of departed members to members of the teip. • The teip has a defined territory. • The teip constructed a teip tower or another building or natural monument convenient as a shelter, e.g., a fortress. • The teip had its own teip cemetery. • The teip tradition of hospitality. ==Identity, land, and descent==

Teips, as sub-units of tukkhums, are traditionally thought to have members who descend from a common ancestor and are thus considered distant blood relatives. Teip names were often derived from an ancestral founder. As is true for many other North Caucasian peoples, Chechen and Ingush men were traditionally expected to know the names and places of origin of their ancestors on their father's side, tracing back many generations, with seven generations being the most commonly recognized. Many women also memorized this information, and more dedicated individuals could often recite their maternal ancestral lines. Memorizing this information helps instill clan loyalty in younger generations. Among the peoples of the Caucasus, large-scale land disputes were sometimes traditionally resolved through shared knowledge of where and when ancestors had resided. A teip's ancestral land was held sacred because of its close connection to teip identity. It was typically marked by clan symbols, including the clan cemetery, tower, and sanctuary. ==Political function==

Each teip had an elected council of elders, a court of justice, and its own set of customs. The civilian chief, referred to as the thamda or ''kh'alkhancha, chaired the council of elders. The baechcha'', meanwhile, was the military leader. ==Subdivisions==

The teip has its own subdivisions, in order of their progressive nesting, the ', the ', and the '. The ' consists of households sharing the same family name, while the ' is several ' units that together form a common lineage, which is not always the case. The basic social unit, meanwhile, was the household, consisting of the extended family spanning three or four generations, referred to as the ts'a or the '''', with married daughters usually living within the household of their spouse. Brothers would share the same land and livestock. ==Formation of new teips==

The number of teips has been unstable in recent history. While there were 59 Chechen and Ingush teips in the early 19th century, this swelled to a hundred by the mid-19th century, and today there are about 170. New teips could be founded when a large '''' broke off and claimed the title of a full-fledged teip. == List of teips ==

Below is a list of teips with the Chechen tukkhum to which it may belong. • Cheberloy tukkhum (); • Achaloy (); • Nizhaloy (); • Makazhoy (); • Rigakhoy (); • Buni (); • Sharoy tukkhum (); • Shatoy tukkhum (); • Varandoy (); • Keloy () • Tumsoy (); • Ovkhoy tukkhum (); • Veappii (); • Melkhi tukkhum (); • Nokhchmakhkakhoy tukkhum (); • Alleroy (); • Belgatoy (); • Benoy (); • Biltoy (); • Chartoy (); • Chermoy (); • Tsontaroy (); • Elistanzhkhoy (); • Engnoy (); • Ersenoy (); • Gendargenoy (); • Gordaloy (); • Gunoy (); • Kharachoy (); • Kurchaloy (); • Shonoy (); • Yalkhoy (); • Zandkhoy (); • Orstkhoy tukkhum (Russian: Орстхой); • Tsechoy (); • Anastoy (); • (); • Ghoandaloy (); • Merzhoy (); • Guloy (Russian: Гулой); • Yalkharoy (); • Khaikharoy (); • Chantiy tukkhum (); • Chanti (); • Tukkhum is not known / Without a Tukkhum; • Chinkhoy (); • Dishni (); • Marshaloy (); • Mulkoy (); • Nashkhoy (); • Peshkhoy (); • Satoy (); • Turkoy (); • Terloy (); • Khindkhoy (); • Kalkhoy (); • Yalkhoroy (); • Zumsoy (); • Zurzaqoy (). As well as a list of teips included in the ethno-territorial Ingush societies Shahar: • Zhayrakhoy Shahar (); • Ahrievs (); • Borovs (); • Lyanovs (); • Tsurovs (); • Khamatkhanovs (); • Fyappiy Shahar (); • Gelatkhoy (); • Kharpkhoy (); • Salgkhoy (); • Torshkhoy (); • Korakhoy (); • Väppiy (); • Khamkhoy Shahar (); • Egikhoy (); • Khamkhoy (); • Targimkhoy (); • Barakhoy (); • Barkinkhoy (); • Tumkhoy (); • Barkkhanoy (); • Leimoy (); • Khulkhoy (); • Tshoroy Shahar (); • Tshoroy (); • Ozdoy () • Mokhloy () • Galashkakhoy Shahar (); • Orstkhoy Shahar (); • Ghoandaloy (); • Tsechoy (); • Anastoy (Russian: Анастой); • Galay (); • Belharoy (); • Merzhoy (); • Guloy (); • Muzhakhoy (); • Khaikharoy (); • Yalkharoy (); • Chulkhoy Shahar (); ==See also==