MarketTelevision in Angola
Company Profile

Television in Angola

Television in Angola was introduced in 1973 at an experimental level with regular broadcasts starting in 1975, the year of Angola’s independence. There was only one local television channel until 2000, when TPA opened its second channel. The first private television station opened in 2008, ending a 33-year monopoly period.

History
Early tests Closed circuit tests were conducted when Angola was under Portugal's colonial rule: the first was made in 1962, from Rádio Clube do Huambo. On January 8, 1964, Rádio Clube de Benguela made the second experiment. In 1969, the Portuguese government is forced to recognize the urgence and need of the establishment of television services in its overseas possessions, in favor of the regime, at the short term. On June 22, 1970, Luanda tested television for the first time, with the attempt of televising the radio show Café da Noite. In 1972, there was also a proposal for TVA (which started in 1974) which failed, as the government had favored a television station set up by RTP. Monopoly phase Radiotelevisão Portuguesa de Angola (RPA), the progenitor to the current TPA, was established by the colonial authorities on June 27, 1973; subsequently, in 1974, the term "Portuguesa" was replaced by "Popular"; it then started broadcasting on October 18, 1975, shortly before Angola became independent (on November 11). Few receivers in Luanda were able to see it at launch. In June 1976, it was nationalized by the ruling MPLA party and renamed Televisão Popular de Angola (TPA). Beginning in 1979, TPA started its expansion project, which included MPLA strongholds and key UNITA stronghold Huamno, mostly to disseminate officialist information. Few people, however, still had television, as, in 1988, US estimates believe that the number of television sets was fixed at 40,500. New private channels emerged, but not on terrestrial television, being instead limited to subscription platforms: Zap Novelas, the first specialized channel, produced in Portugal at first, launched in 2010, followed by Zap Viva, a general interest channel, in 2012. These first two were owned by ZAP. In 2014, Banda TV launched on DStv, followed by Palanca TV on the same platform in 2015. The Africa Magic network gained a Lusophone channel, Jango Magic, in 2014, and, in 2022, an Angola-specific channel, Kwenda Magic. == Subscription television ==
Subscription television
Pay television was introduced in 1998 when Jembas - Assistência Técnica started distributing the DStv service. DStv was followed by the Visabeira-owned TV Cabo, which set up its network in 2002 and launched in 2006. Angola Telecom and Infrasat launched UAU! TV in 2009, a 12-channel DTH service whose infrastructure was 100% national. In April 2010, ZAP launched under a 70-30 split between Isabel dos Santos and Portuguese company ZON (currently NOS). The company catered the high- and mid-end sectors of the population at launch and was sketching the installation of a fiber network in 2014. == Channels ==
Channels
The following is a list of television channels broadcast in Angola. Main channels Subscription channels Channels from Portugal, including some international feeds, are also available. Former channels ==Government control==
Government control
Since its inception, television has been used as a one-sided propaganda tool in favor of the MPLA, the ruling party since independence. Early expansion projects during the civil war were predominantly ideological in nature. In the first half of 2017, ZAP and later DStv removed SIC Internacional and SIC Notícias from their packages after airing reports critical of the regime. SIC's other channels, available on ZAP, remained unaffected, as they don't carry news. Censorship on Angolan television increased after the 2017 "witch hunt" on Isabel dos Santos and her family, after her father, José Eduardo dos Santos, ended his 38-year presidency of both MPLA and Angola, being replaced by João Lourenço. The first major event was the crisis involving Coréon Du's production company Semba Comunicação, who withdrew its partnership with TPA 2 and TPA Internacional in 2017. The situation deteriorated in 2021, when MINTTICS decided to suspend three channels that had an opposition stance: ZAP Viva, Vida TV (owned by Tchizé dos Santos) and RecordTV África (owned by a foreigner, linked to the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God, which has had a tense relationship with MPLA. Several television channels that were set up as private outlets to counter the domination of the ruling party have since fallen under the influence of the state. TV Zimbo was nationalized in 2020, but announced its intent to reprivatize in 2021. Palanca TV, due to financial issues, was also nationalized in 2020, closing in 2022 being integrated into TPA. The recent Rede Girassol, owner of TV Girassol, is the "white elephant" of the government and is accused of acts of nepotism. TV Raiar, an opposition channel, is available exclusively on satellite and is linked to UNITA, who was the opposing force in the civil war. In 2017, Multichoice denied claims regarding its affiliation. ==References==
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