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TEPREL

TEPREL is a family of rocket engines designed and built by the Spanish aerospace company PLD Space for their Miura 1 and Miura 5 launch vehicles. The TEPREL engine, named after the Spanish reusable engine program that is financing its development, uses kerosene and liquid oxygen as propellants. So far, several versions of this engine, intended to propel Miura 1, have been developed and tested on the company's own liquid propulsion test facilities located in Teruel, Spain.

Revisions
In the first versions of the engine the propellants are driven to the engine by using a pressure-fed cycle with helium. Later versions of the engine (TEPREL-C) incorporate a turbopump. TEPREL-A With the TEPREL-A engine, first tested in 2017, the company included several design upgrades, such as a new combustion chamber design, an improved injector geometry and a regenerative cooling system. The later enables the engine to fire for nearly 2 minutes, which is the envisaged nominal functioning duration for the suborbital launch vehicle Miura 1. At sea level, the engine produces a thrust of 32 kN. and a convergent-divergent nozzle, all regeneratively cooled. In May 2019 the first unit of this model was destroyed during a test. After a long investigation PLD Space concluded that the problem was due to excess pressure during engine start at ignition. PLD Space addressed the issue through a combination of improvements to the launch site infrastructure and procedural improvements. It is currently fully operational. In February 2020, PLD Space successfully completed a 122-second test that allowed it to achieve flight rating. On August 28, 2020, PLD Space completed required tests for the thrust vector control system on the Teprel-B rocket engine. to be used in the Miura 5 rocket. Initially it was expected to produce 105.5 kN of thrust at sea level. Later expected thrust was increased to 190 kN. TEPREL-C Vacuum Version of TEPREL-C adapted to vacuum, and capable of re-ignition in microgravity conditions. Capable of 75 kN of thrust. ==References==
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