The route was designated originally on March 19, 1930 between Cooper and
Quitman as a renumbering of
SH 37A. A proposed extension west to
Ladonia was added on February 8, 1933. On July 15, 1935, the extension was cancelled. On December 22, 1936, the extension of SH 154 to Ladonia was restored. On August 4, 1937, this section to Cooper was renumbered as new
SH 247, and SH 154 was rerouted north over old SH 247 to northeast of Cooper. On November 16, 1937, SH 154 was extended to Gilmer. On September 26, 1939, it was extended southeast from Gilmer to Marshall along its current route. This extension replaced part of
SH 155. On August 24, 1960, the section north of Sulphur Springs was transferred to
SH 19. On August 28, 1961, SH 154 was extended north and west to Cooper, replacing part of
FM 64. On January 31, 1969, SH 154 was extended southeast from US 80 to SH 43, concurrent with SH 43 to US 59, east to FM 31 and southeast concurrent with FM 31 to I-20. On November 16, 1987, SH 154 was rerouted through Sulphur Springs. On January 28, 2005, the section of SH 154 from US 59 to FM 31 was cancelled as it was never built, and the concurrent portions were removed, with the section of SH 154 south of
Loop 390 to SH 43 becoming part of Loop 390. ==Junction list==