Thane

The ancient name of Thana was . It appears as in early medieval Arab sources. The name Thane has been variously romanised as Tana, Thana, Thâṇâ, and Thame. Ibn Battuta and Abulfeda knew it as KukinTana, while Duarte Barbosa knew it as TanaMayambu. Before 1996, the city was called Thana, the British spelling of the city. == History ==

Thane emerged as an urban area during the reign of the Shilahara dynasty, which ruled north Konkan during 800-1265 CE. A 1094 CE Shilahara inscription refers to Srī-sthānaka as a velakula, that is, a harbour that was an important centre for import and export. Thane is mentioned in the Mahikavatichi Bakhar, a 15th-17th century Marathi language historical chronicle of doubtful accuracy. According to the text, Prince Pratap Bimb, the brother of Champaner's king Govardhan Bimb, established a new kingdom by conquering territories in the Konkan region. In the 12th century, his general Balkrishn-rao Somvanshi captured Thane from the Shilahara king Yashwant-rao, and went on to conquer the surrounding territories. In the 13th century, Nagar-shah - the ruler of Ghandivi (Gandevi) - captured the area. His relatives demanded control of three villages - Malad, Marol and Thane - as a reward for their good performance in this military campaign. When Nagar-shah refused their demand, they allied with the imperial Yadavas of Devagiri. The area subsequently came under the control of the Yadava prince Bimb-dev, before Nagarshah regained control of it as a vassal of the Delhi Sultanate. Subsequently, the area was successively ruled by some local families, the Muzaffarids of Gujarat, and the Portuguese. The Thane area was contested between the Portuguese, the Mughals and the Marathas in the 17th century, with Shivaji capturing it from the Mughals in 1675. Later, the Portuguese regained control of Thane, and started building a fort there in 1734, but the Marathas captured it in 1737. == Geography ==

Climate Thane has a tropical monsoon climate that borders on a tropical wet and dry climate. The overall climate is stable with high rainfall days and minimal days of extreme temperatures. Temperature in Thane varies from 22 °C to 36 °C, with winter temperatures as low as 12 °C at night, and summer temperatures reaching 40 °C at noon. Lowest daytime temperatures are typically during the summer monsoon peak in July and August, when temperatures can plummet to 25 °C. Around 80% of the total annual rainfall is concentrated in June to October. The average annual rainfall is recorded at 2000–2500mm, and the humidity level ranges from 61% to 86%, rendering the area a humid zone. }}Thane has been ranked 12th best "National Clean Air City" (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to the Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 results. Lakes == Municipal finance ==

According to financial data published on the CityFinance Portal of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, the Thane Municipal Corporation reported total revenue receipts of ₹2,867 crore (US$345 million) and total expenditure of ₹2,462 crore (US$296 million) in 2022–23. Tax revenue accounted for about 67.3% of the total revenue, while the corporation received ₹84 crore in grants during the financial year. == Demographics ==

The population of Thane according to the 2011 census is 1,886,941 people. The literacy percentage is 91.36%, with male literacy at 94.19% and female literacy at 88.14%. The sex ratio of Thane city is 882 females per 1000 males. Child sex ratio is 900 girls per 1000 boys. Total children (0–6) in Thane city are 186,259 as per India's 2011 census. Children account for 10.24% of the total population of Thane. The primary language spoken in Thane is Marathi, with widespread understanding and usage of Hindi. Some of the East Indian families in the Khatri ward of Thane still speak Portuguese. About 1,800 of India's approximately 5,000 Jews live in Thane. At the time of the 2011 census, 48.50% of the population spoke Marathi, 19.59% Hindi, 12.99% Urdu, 3.93% Gujarati, 2.44% Bhojpuri, 1.37% Kannada, 1.29% Malayalam, 1.21% Bengali, 1.15% Tamil, 1.14% Marwari and 0.94% Konkani as their first language. == Sports ==

Cricket is the most popular sport in Thane. Thane is under the jurisdiction of the Mumbai Cricket Association, the governing body for cricket in Mumbai. Its players play for the Mumbai cricket team in Indian domestic cricket. == Transport ==

Railways Thana was the terminus for the first ever passenger train in Asia. On 16 April 1853, the passenger train service was inaugurated between Bori Bunder (Bombay) and Thane. Covering a distance of 34 km (21 mi), it was hauled by three locomotives: Sahib, Sindh and Sultan. The Thane viaducts, the first railway bridges, were built over the Thane creek when the Mumbai-Thane line was extended to Kalyan in May 1854. Thane is connected with neighbouring suburbs through the Central and Trans-Harbour Line Suburban railway network. Thane is a railway junction for the Thane-Vashi & Panvel Harbour Line and Central Line. It is one of the busiest stations in India and handles 654,000 passengers daily. Metro As of January 2021, the MMRDA, the nodal agency for building 300 km of vast Metro network, has proposed a plan to build an elevated depot for three Metro lines : 4 (Wadala-Thane-Kasarvadavali), 4A (Kasarvadavali-Gaimukh), 10 (Gaimukh-Shivaji Nagar) and 11 (Wadala-General Post Office, CSMT) at one stop. This depot is proposed to be at Mogharpada, Thane. The total project cost is estimated to be ₹ 596.60 crore. On 26 August 2015, the MMRDA sanctioned ₹354 billion for 118 km Mumbai metro network. This includes a 40-km Wadala-Ghatkopar-Thane-Kasarvadavali Metro-4 corridor via Wadala GPO and R.A.Kidwai Marg costing ₹120 billion. As of 2019, a metro line is being built between Wadala and Thane. On 16 August 2024, the Union Government gave its approval for Thane Metro, a 29 km ring metro project. It will have 22 stations, and is expected to open in 2029. The project will be executed by Maha Metro. Thane Municipal Transport (TMT) Thane Municipal Corporation started its transport service on 9 February 1989, known as Thane Municipal Transport (TMT). TMT provides services in Thane city and suburbs like Mulund, Borivali, Mira Road, Nala Sopara, Vasai, Bhiwandi and Navi Mumbai, among others. Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT) Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT) operates AC and Non-AC buses from Thane Cidco Bus Stand to various parts of Navi Mumbai (Airoli, Rabale, Ghansoli, Mahape, Kopar Khairane, Vashi, Turbhe, Nerul, Belapur, Kharghar, Kalamboli, Panvel), as well as to Purna (via Kalher) and Bhiwandi (via Mankoli). Mira Bhayandar Municipal Transport (MBMT) Mira-Bhayandar Municipal Transport (MBMT) started in 2006. The buses start from Dahisar Check naka towards Versova [Thane] Check naka. MBMT has started new services to Thane City from January 2010. Vasai-Virar Municipal Transport (VVMT) Vasai Virar Municipal Transport (VVMT) operates two routes in Thane. One from Vasai to Mulund Via Thane/Ghodbunder road and another from Nala Sopara to Thane Kopri. Future of transport in Thane A light rail network covering 42 km has been proposed in three phases. In the first phase, consultants have suggested connectivity between Balkum and Kolshet via Naupada. It will be 16.05 km long with 11 stations in total. == Education ==

Schools • D.A.V. Public School, Thane • Euroschool, Thane West • Hiranandani Foundation School • Holy Cross Convent High School • Little Flower High School, Thane • New Horizon Scholars School, Thane • Podar International School • Smt. Sulochanadevi Singhania School • Sri Ma Vidyalaya, Patlipada, Thane • St. John the Baptist High School, Thane • Vasant Vihar High School Colleges and Institutes • A. P. Shah Institute of Technology • Dr. V. N. Bedekar Institute of Management Studies And Law • KC College of Engineering • Rajiv Gandhi Medical College • Rustomjee Academy for Global Careers • Vidya Prasarak Mandal's Polytechnic == Notable people ==

• Amrita Arora, film actress • Malaika Arora, film actress and dancer • Jitendra Awhad, Indian politician • Anand Dighe, former politician, popular by honorific "Dharmaveer". He was unit chief of Shiv Sena in Thane district. • Hruta Durgule, Indian television actress • Poorva Gokhale, television actress • Avinash Jadhav, politician • Suhas Joshi, film-television actor • Umesh Kamat, film-television actor • Sanjay Mukund Kelkar, politician • Prajakta Koli, YouTuber • Kavita Lad, film-television actress • Pramod Mahajan, Indian politician • Priya Marathe, television actress • Sanjeev Naik, politician • Anand Paranjpe, politician • Prakash Vishvanath Paranjape, politician • Ravindra Phatak, politician • Satish Pradhan, local politician • Pratap Sarnaik, politician • Prithvi Shaw, professional cricketer • Eknath Shinde, present Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra • Shrikant Shinde, Indian politician • Anant Tare, local politician • Laxmi Narayan Tripathi, Indian LGBT activist • Rajan Vichare, local politician == See also ==