The word blackmail is variously derived from the word for
mailing (in modern terms,
protection racket) paid by English and Scottish border dwellers to
Border Reivers in return for immunity from raids and other harassment. The "mail" part of blackmail derives from
Middle English , "rent, tribute," from Old Norse
mál (“agreement, speech, lawsuit”). In the
Irish language, the term '''', meaning "
black rent", was used for similar exactions. ==Objections to criminalization==