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The Experiment (short story)

"The Experiment" is a ghost story by the English writer M. R. James, first published in The Morning Post in 1931. One of James's later works, it concerns a revenant taking revenge for his murder. A play based on "The Experiment", "The Haunting of Alice Bowles", was staged in the West End in 2020.

Plot summary
The story opens one evening in Norfolk with the Reverend Dr. Hall being informed by his housekeeper that Squire Francis Bowles has suddenly died. Dr. Hall visits the widow, Madam Bowles, and the Squire's stepson, Joseph Calvert, who state that the Squire's wishes were to be buried on the north side of the church, without a coffin. The clerk, Wickem, is instructed to have the grave ready for the following night. The Squire's will leaves all his property to Madam Bowles, but no money is found besides a few hundred pounds held by agents. Looking through the Squire's papers, Joseph finds a draft of a letter to Mr. Fowler of Gloucester which reads: Joseph writes to Mr. Fowler, who sends him a large package. One evening, Joseph leaves the Hall to carry out a mysterious experiment, taking with him a cloth that was intended to be laid over Squire Bowles' face upon his burial. The following morning, a frightened Joseph obliquely tells his mother of a conversation he has had, saying "Why in God's name did you leave his face bare?", "Oh, but he's angry", "He's free! And I daren't meet him! I daren't take the drink and go where he is! I daren't lie here another night", and "Oh, why did you do it? We could have waited." Madam Bowles determines that they will sail from Yarmouth to Holland that evening, saying "such as they can't follow". At Yarmouth Quay, Madam Bowles and Joseph are met by a boatman, who mentions that there is one other passenger sailing that night. The boatman states that the passenger is hooded, has "a cur'ous way of speakin'," appears to know them, and is "a-comin' this way now." The story then refers to an entry in the Assize records of Norwich about a woman who confessed to poisoning her husband, and was strangled and then burnt at the stake; her son was hanged. The story ends with an extract from Bishop Moore's "book of recipes", held in the University Library at Cambridge, reading: == Publication ==
Publication
"The Experiment" was first published in The Morning Post on 31 December 1931. It was subtitled "A New Year's Eve Ghost Story". The story was written under both time and space restraints, which James found bothersome. It has since been anthologised many times. == Reception ==
Reception
Rosemary Pardoe describes "The Experiment" as "a minor, weak and difficult tale". S. T. Joshi writes "It is a tale whose denouement is unclear because of the difficulty of interpreting the nature of the creature (Nares) [James] has invented for the tale." Patrick J. Murphy suggests that "The Experiment" "...gives voice to something more generally harrowing in [James'] temporal position" and that "an intense sense of haste pervades the tale from beginning to end". == Bishop Moore's book of recipes ==
Bishop Moore's book of recipes
The "book of recipes" belonging to John Moore, bishop of Ely, featured in the story is genuine, and is held in the special collections of Cambridge University Library (reference MS Dd.11.45, f. 144r); the passage describing the experiment set out in the story appears in the manuscript largely as written. At the time James wrote "The Experiment", he had recently finished re-cataloguing the Library's manuscripts; Rosemary Pardoe suggests "doubtless this particular manuscript struck him as an especially interesting item". When transcribing the instructions for the experiment, James incorrectly transcribed a word as "Raffaell", which he interpreted as "Raphael"; the manuscript in fact reads "Assaell", which is believed to refer to "Azazel". It is unclear where the word "Nares" derives from. == Adaptations ==
Adaptations
In 2020, "The Experiment" was adapted by Philip Franks into a West End theatre play, "The Haunting of Alice Bowles", starring Tamzin Outhwaite. == Notes ==
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