The Goldberg Variations (ballet)

The ballet starts with the Theme, with two dancers in Baroque costumes. It is followed by the variations that are divided in two parts, with two sets of dancers. The variations consist of solos, duets, trios, quartets, quintets, sextets and group numbers. Author Deborah Jowitt wrote this part is "more playful and experimental" It features dancers in jewel tone practice clothes. Jowitt described Part II as "more formal, classical and mature." In Part II, the dancers add bits to their costumes, at first shirts for men, and breeches and short skirts for women, and later tutus and jackets. In the final variation, when dancers in both parts of the ballet appear in full period costumes. At the end of the ballet, the couple who danced the Theme reappears in leotards and repeat the Theme. Robbins attempted to avoid all narrative implications outside of the designs. However, Jowitt noted that he nevertheless incorporates qualities he found in the score, such as "pensive", "playful", "tentative" and "intimate". As intended in the score, Robbins included every repeat of the variations, even the ones that concert pianists sometimes skip. As a result, the ballet is about 1.5 hours long. ==Production==

Robbins said that after working Dances at a Gathering, to music by Frédéric Chopin, he wanted to work on something less romantic, "I wanted to see what would happen if I got hold of something that didn't give me any easy finger ledge to climb." Robbins began working on the ballet in early spring 1970. As a result, he choreographed part of the ballet on a wheelchair. The dancers were in practice clothes, while Robbins explained the ballet to the audience at the side of the stage. The company then went on summer hiatus. Later that year, Robbins was hospitalised due to hepatitis. He would later blame it for parts of the ballet he disliked. It ultimately took Robbins a year to complete the ballet. Allegra Kent was set to appear in an all-female quartet before it was cut. Violette Verdy had also worked on the ballet but never performed it. Robbins was undecided on whether to use a piano or harpsichord until very late in the process. Though a harpsichord was used in Saratoga Springs, he ultimately went for the piano as he found harpsichord not loud enough in a theater. The costume was designed by Joe Eula, and the lighting was by Thomas Skelton. Charles Rosen contributed on the program note. ==Original cast==

The Goldberg Variations premiered on May 27, 1971, at the New York State Theater. ==Critical reception==

New York Times Clive Barnes praised the ballet, calling it "a work of such amplitude and grandeur that it make you fall in love with the human body all over again. In Ballet Review, Arlene Croce criticised the ballet, "The trouble with Goldberg is that it doesn't exist as a ballet. When Robbins wrestled every last musical repeat to the mat, we don't come away with a theatrical experience but with an impression of endless ingenious musical visualizations. ==References==