Green Lantern Corps

In 1959, during a revival of the popularity of superhero comics in America, DC Comics' editor Julius Schwartz decided to reinvent the 1940s superhero character Green Lantern as a science fiction hero. Schwartz's new conception of Green Lantern had a different name (Hal Jordan), costume, and origin story, and no connection to the original Green Lantern. Whereas the Green Lantern of the 1940s was a lone vigilante who only had adventures on Earth, the new Green Lantern was but one of a group of interstellar lawmen who all called themselves Green Lanterns. The group is first mentioned in Showcase #22 (1959) when a dying Green Lantern passes on his ring to Hal Jordan. Over the years, writers have introduced a large cast of Green Lanterns in both supporting and starring roles. == Power ring ==

The first appearance of a power ring was in All-American Comics #16 on July 14, 1940, the flagship title of comic book publisher All-American Publications, which featured the first appearance of Alan Scott. Creator Martin Nodell cited Richard Wagner's opera cycle The Ring of the Nibelung and the sight of a trainman's green railway lantern as inspirations for the combination of a magical ring and lantern. Scott's ring is powered by the Green Flame, a magically empowered flame contained within a metallic alien orb that was found and forged into a lantern and ring by a lampmaker named Chang. Later writers revised this to be a fragment of the Starheart, a mystical object created by the Guardians of the Universe to contain magic. When the Green Lantern character was reinvented, beginning with the introduction of Hal Jordan, the magic ring concept was replaced with a scientifically based one. The new version of the ring is created by the Guardians of the Universe, who also create the Green Lantern Corps. Capabilities No hard upper limit to the power ring's capabilities has yet been demonstrated; it is often referred to as the most powerful weapon in the DC universe. The ring can generate solid energy constructs that can be modeled into whatever shape the user desires. It also generates a protective force field that enables the user to fly and survive in space. Power rings are able to give off electromagnetic radiation of various frequencies. This radiation can be focused by the wearer into a beam, similar in appearance and effect to a laser. They also allow real-time communication between the different alien species of the Corps, translating all languages in the universe. Limitations Green Lantern rings possess a limited amount of charge and must be periodically recharged. Various devices and abilities can drain the ring of its power against the will of its wearer, or absorb its energy for later use. Originally, power rings were unable to affect objects colored yellow. The reason why the rings were unable to affect yellow objects has changed from writer to writer. In early stories, it was because of a necessary design flaw. Gerard Jones revised this, in a story that revealed that the Guardians could change the weakness at will. In Green Lantern: Rebirth, the "yellow impurity" is the result of the fear entity Parallax being imprisoned in the Central Power Battery. By far, the most significant limitation of the ring is the willpower of the wielder. Only people with exceptional willpower can use a ring, a restriction which makes use of the rings by average individuals difficult. Power rings originally possessed programming to prevent the wearer from killing sentient beings. This restriction was rescinded by the Guardians to combat the Sinestro Corps, then for the general execution of their duties. As additional Corps were introduced into DC continuity, with their own rings, corresponding oaths unique to each Corps were introduced as well. == Other Lantern Corps ==

While Green Lantern villain Sinestro had his own version of the power ring since 1961, a yellow one that exploited the one color Green Lanterns were ineffective against, in the late 2000s writer Geoff Johns and artist Ethan Van Sciver worked the concept of a spectrum of rings, revolving around the colors of the rainbow as well as a corresponding emotion from which they derive their abilities. The storylines "Sinestro Corps War" and "Blackest Night" introduce the rest of the spectrum, along with its emotions, corps and rings: red (rage), orange (greed), yellow (fear), green (willpower), blue (hope), indigo (compassion), pink (love), black (death), and white (life). Red / Rage Atrocitus, a member of the Empire of Tears on the planet Ysmault, forged the first Red Power Battery from the innards of Qull, the being who tells Abin Sur the prophecy of the Blackest Night. Red rings replace the user's heart and transform their blood into corrosive plasma. The orange light allows Larfleeze to absorb the energy of other power rings and steal the identities of those he kills, transforming them into an Orange Lantern construct. By being in constant contact with his main power battery, Larfleeze has become one with his power source. This allows him to maintain a power level high enough to support an entire Corps of orange constructs even when separated from it. Yellow / Fear The first yellow ring is acquired by Sinestro following his banishment to the antimatter universe of Qward. The Weaponers of Qward later forge two more rings to be used against the Green Lantern Corps, wielded by Fatality and Nero. Following his return in the Green Lantern: Rebirth storyline, Sinestro obtains a new yellow ring and founds the Sinestro Corps. Yellow rings are fueled by fear instead of willpower, but function the same as their green counterparts. Members of the Sinestro Corps are chosen for their ability to instill fear in others. According to Ethan Van Sciver, the ring's symbol is based on ancient carvings made by beings who looked into the gullet of Parallax and survived. Blue / Hope As the Sinestro Corps War ends, former Guardian of the Universe Ganthet creates the first blue power ring. Blue rings are fueled by hope and must be near an active Green ring to tap into their full potential. Otherwise, the blue rings are only capable of the abilities of ordinary Green Lantern rings. This is because hope requires willpower to enact it. Indigo / Compassion The Indigo Tribe, wielders of the indigo light of compassion, make their first extended appearance in Blackest Night: Tales of the Corps #1 (July 2009). Unlike other Corps, the Indigo Tribe carry carved, lantern-like staves. In Blackest Night #5, it is established that Indigo Tribe members use their staffs instead of power batteries to charge their rings. In addition to being able to store indigo light energy, they can replicate the power of nearby Lanterns. Like all power rings, indigo rings are capable of the default Corps abilities of flight and protective aura generation. Indigo rings give their users the ability to perceive compassion and force compassion onto those who feel none. Paradoxically, indigo light has the ability to heal individuals with great empathy and to expose people to pain they have inflicted on others. Indigo Rings can teleport their users and others over intergalactic distances. This ability utilizes a great deal of power, so Indigo Tribe members use it sparingly. Violet rings are fueled by the emotion of love. Violet rings have several unique abilities. They can create crystals which can be used to imprison members of other Lantern Corps, gradually transforming them into Star Sapphires. Although Violet rings do not have a particular weakness to other colors, they are more susceptible to controlling their user by their own power. Love is one of the two emotions on the far ends of the emotional spectrum, and has a much stronger influence over its user. Black / Death Black power rings are fueled by death, instead of light from the emotional spectrum. The symbol on black rings (a triangle pointing down, with five lines radiating up) is the same symbol used by Hand and his family. Black rings are able to read the emotions of the living as colored auras that correlate to the emotional spectrum. The exact capabilities and limitations of white rings are unknown, but they have been shown as capable of providing their bearers with the default Corps abilities of flight, protective aura generation, and light construct creation. White rings are also capable of resurrecting the dead. They are also shown "overriding" rings of other colors, turning them white for a period of time. As the Sorrow Lantern, Nathan's body constantly emits a gray mist that he can solidify and generate constructs that force sorrow onto others. Alternate versions • In Superman & Batman: Generations, it is stated that the rings' weakness is only based on what the users believe the rings are vulnerable to; Alan Scott believes that his ring was vulnerable to wood because he was caught off-guard by someone wielding a wooden block the first time he used the ring. • In the Elseworlds storyline JLA: Another Nail, a power ring essentially merges with a Mother Box when Big Barda is chosen as a Green Lantern when the war between New Genesis and Apokolips becomes so intense that the Green Lantern Corps step in. Through its link to the Mother Box, the ring also hosts the consciousness of Mister Miracle. • In the crossover miniseries Star Trek/Green Lantern, various members of the seven Corps are transferred into the new Star Trek timeline when Nekron's latest attack causes Ganthet to initiate the 'Last Light' protocol, transferring the last power rings and living wielders to another universe. After Hal Jordan, Carol Ferris and Saint Walker make contact with the USS Enterprise, along with Doctor Leonard McCoy, Nyota Uhura, and Pavel Chekov being chosen by reserve rings of the Indigo Tribe, Star Sapphires and Blue Lantern Corps respectively, Montgomery Scott's analysis of the rings allows him to create his own version. At the conclusion of the series, Scotty receives permission to put the rings into mass production. In the sequel Star Trek/Green Lantern: Strange Worlds, James T. Kirk obtains a prototype Green Lantern ring. • The Universal Ring appears in Planet of the Apes/Green Lantern. This version was created by the Guardians of the Universe by using sorcery and science in conjunction. The user of this ring can tap directly into the energies of the emotional spectrum and harness any color. However, the Guardians of the Universe would eventually discover that users of the ring will succumb to its power and be forced to create more rings. As they were unable to destroy the ring. The Guardians sent it to a version of Earth locked in a time loop, isolating it from the rest of Hypertime. However, one Universal ring was given Katerina Mar in secret. • In Batman: The Dawnbreaker—part of a series of one-shots looking at darker alternate versions of Batman—when Bruce Wayne was chosen as the Green Lantern immediately after the deaths of his parents, his rage and emotional trauma were so great that he was able to overcome the ring's limitations against using lethal force by nothing more than strength of will. This dark attitude results in him drawing on an unspecified 'void' through his ring, which allows him to overwhelm even a large number of other Green Lanterns and Guardians when they come to confront him over his violation of the rules of Oa. • In Green Lantern: Earth One, the power rings are seen merely as powerful weapons. They do not choose their users, can be used by anyone and do not require the wielder to be capable of great willpower or overcoming fear and do not appear to possess any degree of artificial intelligence or capacity for independent action. No oath is required to charge them. Following the apparent destruction of the Central Power Battery by the Manhunters, the power of the rings was limited, but their full power was unlocked following the recovery of the battery from Oa. • In the Absolute Universe title, Absolute Green Lantern, the entire Emotional Spectrum is entirely reinvented, renamed the Spectrum of Light. Instead of being derived from different emotions like most incarnations, the Spectrum only has four colors in this universe, each representing different levels of enlightenment: Black, or Qard, being chaotic actions; Red or Rao, being acting with restraint; Green or Sur, being correct actions, and finally Gold or Aur, being total understanding. Another big change: Wielders of the different "flames" don't use rings to harness their powers, though the protagonist, Sojourner Mullein, has the green light accidentally absorbed into her wedding ring, which gives her the power. There are no Corps in this universe, only two opposing factions: the Oans, a morally-ambiguous group who consider Gold/Aur the highest level of light; and the Weaponers, or Blackstars, a more militaristic and violent group led by Sinestro, who believe enlightenment is useless and that Black/Qard level is the highest and is the embodiment of pure will. While being the antagonists, the Blackstars have more in common with the mainline Green Lantern Corp than the Oans, being an organized intergalactic police force with a focus on will, with many of its ranks being Green Lanterns in the main universe, such as Kilowog and Mogo. ==Writers==

The following writers have been involved in the ongoing Green Lantern Corps series: ==Bibliography==

Green Lantern Corps vol. 1 Some of the stories have been collected into trade paperbacks and hardcover: • Tales of the Green Lantern Corps (collects Tales of the Green Lantern Corps #1–3 and back-up stories from Green Lantern (vol. 2) #148, 151–154, 161–162, 164–167), 160 pages, April 2009, , DC Comics, March 2009, • Tales of the Green Lantern Corps Vol. 2 (collects back-up stories from Green Lantern (vol. 2) #168, 169, 171–173, 177, 179–183, 185, 187–190 and Tales of the Green Lantern Corps Annual #1), 144 pages, February 2010, • Tales of the Green Lantern Corps Vol. 3 (collects Green Lantern Corps #201–206), 144 pages, Oct. 2010, • Green Lantern Corps: Beware Their Power Vol. 1 (hardcover collects Green Lantern Corps #207–215 and Green Lantern Corps Annual #2–3). DC Comics, 296 pages, February 2018 Green Lantern Corps vol. 2 • Recharge (collects five-issue limited series, June 2006, ) • To Be a Lantern (collects Green Lantern Corps (vol. 2) #1–6, May 2007, ) • The Dark Side of Green (collects Green Lantern Corps (vol. 2) #7–13, April 2008, ) • Sinestro Corps War: • Volume 1 (collects Green Lantern Corps (vol. 2) #14–15, Green Lantern (vol. 4) #21–23 and Green Lantern: Sinestro Corps Special one-shot, hardcover, February 2008, , paperback, May 2009, , DC Comics, ) • Volume 2 (collects Green Lantern Corps (vol. 2) #16–19 and Green Lantern (vol. 4) #24–25, hardcover, July 2008, , paperback, July 2009, , DC Comics, June 2009, ) • Ring Quest (collects Green Lantern Corps (vol. 2) #19–20, 23–26, January 2009, , DC Comics, December 2008, ) • Sins of the Star Sapphire (collects Green Lantern Corps (vol. 2) #27–32, July 2009, , DC Comics, June 2009, ) • Emerald Eclipse (collects Green Lantern Corps (vol. 2) #33–38, 160 pages, hardcover, November 2009, , paperback, November 2010, ) • Blackest Night: Green Lantern Corps (collects Green Lantern Corps (vol. 2) #39–47, 256 pages, hardcover, July 2010, , paperback, July 2011, ) • Revolt of the Alpha Lanterns (collects Green Lantern Corps (vol. 2) #21–22, 48–52, 176 pages, hardcover, May 2011, , paperback, June 2012, ) • The Weaponer (collects Green Lantern Corps (vol. 2) #53–57, 128 pages, hardcover, October 2011, , paperback, October 2012, ) • Green Lantern: Emerald Warriors (collects Green Lantern: Emerald Warriors #1–7, 176 pages, August 16, 2011, ) • War of the Green Lanterns (collects Green Lantern (vol. 4) #63–67, Green Lantern Corps (vol. 2) #58–60, and Green Lantern: Emerald Warriors #8–10, 240 pages, hardcover, November 2011, , paperback, September 2012, ) • War of the Green Lanterns: Aftermath (collects Green Lantern Corps (vol. 2) #61–63, Green Lantern: Emerald Warriors #11–13, and War of the Green Lantern: Aftermath #1–2, 208 pages, hardcover, January 2012, ) Green Lantern Corps vol. 3 (New 52) • Green Lantern Corps Vol. 1: Fearsome (collects Green Lantern Corps (vol. 3) #1–7, 160 pages, Hardcover, September 2012, ) • Green Lantern Corps Vol. 2: Alpha War (collects Green Lantern Corps (vol. 3) #0, #8–14, 192 pages, Hardcover, July 2013, ) • Green Lantern Corps Vol. 3: Willpower (collects Green Lantern Corps (vol. 3) #15–20, Green Lantern Corps Annual #1, 256 pages, Hardcover, December 10, 2013, ) • Green Lantern: Rise of the Third Army (collects Green Lantern Annual #1, Green Lantern (vol. 5) #13–16, Green Lantern Corps (vol. 3) #13–16, Green Lantern: New Guardians #13–16, Red Lanterns #13–16, Green Lantern Corps Annual #1, 416 pages, Hardcover, September 10, 2013, ) • Green Lantern: Wrath of the First Lantern (collects Green Lantern vol.5 #17–20, Green Lantern Corps Vol.3 #17–20, Green Lantern: New Guardians #17–20, Red Lanterns #17–20, 416 pages, Hardcover, February 25, 2014, ) • Green Lantern Corps Vol. 4: Rebuild (collects Green Lantern Corps (vol. 3) #21–27, Green Lantern Corps Annual #2, 208 pages, Paperback, July 8, 2014, ) • Green Lantern: Lights Out (collects Green Lantern #24, Green Lantern Corps #24, Green Lantern: New Guardians #23–24, Red Lanterns #24, Green Lantern Annual #2, Green Lantern #23.1: Relic, 192 pages, Hardcover, June 24, 2014, ) • Green Lantern Corps Vol. 5: Uprising (collects Green Lantern Corps #28–34, Green Lantern Corps Annual #2 and Green Lantern #31–33) • Green Lantern Corps Vol. 6: Reckoning (collects Green Lantern Corps issues #35–40) ==In other media==

Television • The Green Lantern Corps appear in series set in the DC Animated Universe: • Several Green Lantern Corps members make cameo appearances in the Superman: The Animated Series episode "In Brightest Day...", which features Kyle Rayner. • The Green Lantern Corps appear in the Justice League episodes "In Blackest Night" and "Hearts and Minds". • The Green Lantern Corps appear in the Justice League Unlimited episode "The Return". • The Green Lantern Corps appear in the Duck Dodgers episode "The Green Loontern". Besides Hal Jordan, the featured Green Lantern Corps members are Amanita, Arisia Rrab, Boodikka, Breeon, Brokk, Ch'p, Chaselon, Galius Zed, Green Lambkin, Guy Gardner, G'nort, Hannu, John Stewart, Katma Tui, Kilowog, K'ryssma, Larvox, M'Dahna, Medphyll, NautKeLoi, Penelops, Salaak, Stel, Tomar-Re, and Xax. • The Green Lantern Corps appear through flashbacks in The Batman episode "Ring Toss". • The Green Lantern Corps appear in Batman: The Brave and the Bold. • The Green Lantern Corps is the primary focus of Green Lantern: The Animated Series, with Hal Jordan and Kilowog as the main cast. Also in the show are "frontier space" members of the corps. • Within the Arrowverse, during the Crisis on Infinite Earths crossover event, footage from the Green Lantern film was used to establish the existence of the Green Lantern Corps within the universe of Earth-12. • The series finale of Arrow, titled "Fadeout", ends with John Diggle approaching what appears to be a Green Lantern ring that has fallen from the sky, suggesting that he will become a Green Lantern. In the eighth season of The Flash, Diggle relinquishes the Green Lantern ring to be with his family. Film • The Green Lantern Corps feature prominently in the Warner Brothers animated film Green Lantern: First Flight. The film follows the origins of Hal Jordan and Sinestro. • The Green Lantern Corps is the focus of a following film, Green Lantern: Emerald Knights, which features several stories about various non-Terran Green Lanterns. • The Green Lantern Corps appear in the Green Lantern live-action film. The leader of the Corps is Sinestro, with Abin Sur, Kilowog, and Tomar-Re being central characters. • In Justice League vs. the Fatal Five, Jessica Cruz, Kilowog, and Salaak appear as representatives of the Corps. Holographic depictions of most of the Lantern Corps' human members – Hal Jordan, Guy Gardner, Kyle Rayner, John Stewart, and Cruz – also appear as part of a Justice League exhibit in the Legion of Super-Heroes Museum. • The Green Lantern Corps appear in the films set in the DC Extended Universe: • Green Lantern Yalan Gur appears in a flashback in the Justice League film. He is seen fighting against Steppenwolf and his army of Parademons but is overpowered and killed by Steppenwolf. Kilowog and Tomar-Re were intended to appear in a post-credits scene, but were ultimately scrapped. • In the Snyder cut of the film, Yalan Gur is instead killed by Darkseid. • The Superman: Red Son incarnation of the Green Lantern Corps appears in Superman: Red Son (2020). • The Green Lantern Corps (Hal Jordan, John Stewart, Arisia Rrab, Arkkis Chummuck, Chaselon, Galius Zed, Green Man, Guy Gardner, Kilowog, Palaqua, and Salaak) appear in Justice League Dark: Apokolips War. Jordan is among the heroes decimated by Paradooms (hybrids of the Parademons and Doomsday), while other Lanterns and the Guardians are slaughtered by Darkseid himself on Oa. • The Green Lantern Corps appear in Green Lantern: Beware My Power. Before the film's main events, the Green Lantern Corps are revealed to have been slaughtered by Sinestro and a Parallax-possessed Hal Jordan. After the Sinestro Corps are defeated, Jordan's successor John Stewart takes Jordan's rings and sends them to new owners to rebuild the Corps. Video games • The Green Lantern Corps are featured heavily in Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe. Hal Jordan appears as a playable character and one of the game's major protagonists; the Guardians appear in the game's Oa based stage, and the rest of the Corps members are mentioned to be trying to contain the universe wide crisis taking place during Story Mode. Additionally, Sonya Blade's in-game ending depicts her becoming the Green Lantern of the Mortal Kombat universe after gaining the ring of a recently deceased Corps member. • In Injustice: Gods Among Us, Kilowog makes a cameo appearance. The Corps also appear in Green Lantern's victory pose. At the end of the game, the main universe's Hal Jordan brings the parallel universe's version of himself, who had joined the Sinestro Corps during Year Two, and Sinestro to the remaining Guardians of the Universe at Oa for trial with a Green Lantern at the center of the court. Miscellaneous The Green Lantern Corps is featured in the Batman: The Brave and the Bold and Smallville Season 11 digital comic based on the TV series. The Green Lantern Corps appear in Legion of Super Heroes in the 31st Century #6. Literature The Green Lantern Corps are parodied as the "Avant Guard" (a play on the phrase avant-garde) in The Refrigerator Monologues. ==See also==