The Managed Heart

The book is an expansion on theoretical concepts that Hochschild first described in 1979. Using Goffman's dramaturgical theory, she describes how different social situations have different emotional norms. Surface acting involves simply pretending to feel what one does not, primarily through body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice. These rules vary based on the social group one is a part of. When a person's feelings do not fit the norms of the situation, people engage in practices to bring them into agreement through a combination of cognitive, bodily, or expressive techniques. Hochschild's social theory of emotion also drew on the work of C. Wright Mills. == Emotional labor ==

Hochschild coined these workplace requirements for surface acting as emotional labor. == Reception and influence ==

Hochschild's book constituted a major development in symbolic interactionism and the sociology of emotions, having influenced the work of scholars such as Nancy Whittier and Kari Norgaard. Daniel Goleman made the link between the concept of emotional intelligence emerging prominently when emotional labour, as described by Hochschild in The Managed Heart, became central to economic productivity. == Awards and honors ==

In 1983, the book received the Charles Cooley Award, given by the American Sociological Association. It also received an honorable mention for the C. Wright Mills Award. ==References==