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The Spider (magazine)

The Spider was an American pulp magazine published by Popular Publications from 1933 to 1943. Every issue included a lead novel featuring the Spider, a heroic crime-fighter. The magazine was intended as a rival to Street & Smith's The Shadow and Standard Magazine's The Phantom Detective, which also featured crime-fighting heroes. The novels in the first two issues were written by R. T. M. Scott; thereafter every lead novel was credited to "Grant Stockbridge", a house name. Norvell Page, a prolific pulp author, wrote most of these; almost all the rest were written by Emile Tepperman and A. H. Bittner. The novel in the final issue was written by Prentice Winchell.

Publication history
In 1931, Street & Smith launched The Shadow, the first of the hero pulps, with a novel in each issue about a single character. It was an immediate success, and Standard Magazines soon launched The Phantom Detective in imitation of The Shadow. Henry Steeger, the owner of Popular Publications, another pulp publisher, decided to launch two hero pulps in response. One was G-8 and His Battle Aces, an air-war pulp, and the other was The Spider. Steeger chose the title because of a large spider he saw one day while playing tennis. played the lead character. Steeger turned the magazine over to Rogers Terrill, one of Popular's editors, to launch, and Terrill chose R. T. M. Scott to write the first lead novel. Scott was a Canadian pulp writer, well known for his stories about Aurelius Smith, known as Secret Service Smith. Scott's name on the cover of the magazine would have attracted readers, but Terrill likely intended from the start that other writers would take over writing the lead novel—Scott wrote too slowly to be able to turn out a novel each month, as a successful magazine would require. Scott's son, also known as R. T. M. Scott, wrote mystery fiction and was working at Popular at the time. It is possible that one of the first two novels, both of which were credited to Scott, was written partly or wholly by his son. The first issue was dated October 1933, and carried a lead novel by Scott, The Spider Strikes. Thereafter every novel was credited to Grant Stockbridge, a house name of Popular's. Norvell Page took over the lead novels from the third issue until October 1936; Page was initially paid $500 for each novel (), but this was soon increased to $600 and then $700. Page was followed by Emile Tepperman, who wrote every lead novel from the November 1936 issue until June 1937. From July 1937, A. H. Bittner and Page shared the writing duties for the lead novel for two years, followed by Tepperman and Page until the end of 1940, after which Page took over until October 1943, the penultimate issue. Page took a job in the Writers' Division of the US Office of War Information in 1943, and Popular asked Prentice Winchell and Donald G. Cormack to submit Spider novels. Winchell's novel, When Satan Came to Town, appeared in the final issue, dated December 1943, after which Popular cancelled the magazine because of the paper shortages caused by World War II. Cormack's manuscript, Slaughter, Inc., was rediscovered in 1978 and published as a paperback in 1979, retitled Legend in Blue Steel. == Contents ==
Contents
Lead novel writers The first novel introduced Richard Wentworth, a rich New Yorker, the secret identity of the Spider, a crime-fighter. Smith's love interest was his secretary, Bernice; Kirkpatrick was a friend of Wentworth's, but pursued the Spider for murder, unaware of Wentworth's double life. As a result Wentworth frequently found himself battling the police, but he rarely returned their fire—"only to make them jump", in the words of pulp historian Robert Sampson. The two novels by Scott that launched the series established many plots and ideas that would reappear over the next ten years. The Spider, in the same mold as ruthless heroes such as The Shadow, was unafraid to kill the criminals he fought, and he would mark their bodies with an inked red spider. The Spider's secret identity was repeatedly discovered by the criminals, although the police were never able to learn it. Van Sloan was frequently caught by the villains, forcing Wentworth into danger; in some novels she fell into the criminals' hands several times. Wentworth's skill at disguise was presented as being extraordinary: he could alter his appearance at will and never be detected. All of these devices were used repeatedly by Scott's successors in the later novels. Page's lead novels were dramatically more violent than Scott's. In Scott's first two novels, the Spider had been "a gentleman crook battling normal crooks", in Weinberg's words, but Page introduced villains that threatened millions of people, and plots that relied on science-fictional gadgets such as a metal-eating virus or giant robots. Bittner had experience writing for Popular's Terror Tales and Horror Stories, and his background in horror fiction was apparent in his plots for The Spider. This was part of a trend in the pulp industry away from pure action and towards better characterization and realism. Internal inconsistencies The first issue included a short fictional biographical sketch of the Spider (probably written by Terrill), titled "The Web". The biographical details given in "The Web" were at odds with some of the details in Scott's novels. Short stories and non-fiction features The Spider ran short stories in each issue, alongside the lead novel. The first issue included "Baited Death", by Leslie T. White, and "Murder Undercover", by Norvell Page. The stories that appeared in the magazine were detective fiction, often including horror elements. Occasionally, story elements appeared to be supernatural, but these were always explained away by the end of the story. Arthur Leo Zagat's stories about Doc Turner, a crime-fighting New York pharmacist, often featured in the magazine, as did Tepperman's series about Ed Race, a juggler known as the Masked Marksman. A reader's club, the Spider League of Crime Prevention, was started; such clubs were a common marketing tactic among pulp magazines, particularly the hero pulps. Those who joined the club, for 25 cents, received a signet ring of white metal with a red spider outlined in white on a black background. Popular Publications sold many thousands of these; Steeger commented that "Every kid in the country must have wore one at one time or another." Popular also sold a mechanical pencil with a concealed rubber stamp that would print an ink image of a spider. An example of the pencil sold in 2011 for $2,300, and one of the rings sold for $2,134.62 in 2019. A letter in the August 1941 issue reported that "Grant Stockbridge", the house name used since the third issue for the writer of the lead novel, had lost all his Spider magazines in a fire. This was not a fabrication: Page had lost all his magazines in a fire at his house. The fire also destroyed a hat and cloak that he had sometimes worn at Popular's offices and elsewhere in imitation of the Spider. Art The cover for the first issue was painted by Walter Baumhofer. John Newton Howitt took over with the second issue, and stayed as the cover artist until late 1937. Howitt was a perfectionist, as Steeger later recalled: It was as though we were preparing something for the Louvre. First there would be several hours of discussion about how the painting would be done and then John would bring it back for the most minute criticisms. I promise you, we covered every square inch of the cover and saw to it that it was done to perfection all the way through. Rafael DeSoto painted the final 46 covers. Interior art was mostly contributed by J. Fleming Gould; these almost always included sketches of Wentworth and Van Sloan, as well as illustrations of action sequences from the novel. Small pictures of spiders were used to fill space. == Bibliographic details ==
Bibliographic details
Popular Publications published 118 issues of The Spider between October 1933 and December 1943. It was pulp format for all issues; it began at 128 pages and was reduced to 112 pages after March 1936. The price was 10 cents throughout its run. The volume numbering was entirely regular, with four issues per volume; the last issue was volume 30 number 2. Robert Weinberg lists Terrill's tenure as ending in the early 1940s. Robert Sampson gives May 1936 as the last issue for which Terrill was responsible; Sampson then lists Loring Dowst (June 1936), Leon Byrne (July – October 1936), Linton Davies (November 1936 – November 1937), Moran Tudury (December 1937 – December 1939), Loring Dowst (January 1940 – August 1942), Harry Widmer (September 1942 – March 1943), Beatrice Jones (June 1943), Robert Turner (August 1943), and Ryerson Johson (October 1943). Three issues of a British edition of The Spider are known to exist, and there was also a Canadian version that reprinted at least five issues in 1935. ==Notes==
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