The WEIRDest People in the World

The first part, "The Evolution of Societies and Psychologies", describes WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic) populations "in broad strokes", according to reviewer Pauline Grosjean. Henrich discusses the research of Richard Nisbett suggesting that people in WEIRD cultures think reductively with a focus on personal attributes and intentions, while Asians think holistically with a focus on relationships and situations. Non-Westerners will emphasize family connections and allegiances. Henrich also presents a large body of evidence that WEIRD people are more trusting of strangers and more likely to give blood than most humans. Westerners, according to reviewer Judith Shulevitz, "identify more as members of voluntary social groups—dentists, artists, Republicans, Democrats, supporters of a Green Party—than of extended clans." The second part of the book, "The Origins of WEIRD People", provides a comparative political account of how societies have used religion to scale up from families to states. More specifically, the author draws on an array of qualitative and quantitative evidence to argue that religious beliefs, impersonal markets, urbanization and competition among voluntary associations like guilds, charter towns, universities and religious orders shifted people's psychology and social lives. Uniquely, the author both discusses how present-day institutions shape psychology and seats these processes in an account of the past. The third section, "New Institutions, New Psychologies", is about how the Catholic Church and its offshoot, Protestantism, shaped early institutions and psychology, paving the way (in the view of the author) for modern institutions. While accounts of modern history frequently argue that the Protestant Reformation created individualism and a belief in rule of law, Henrich argues that edicts by the Church that he calls the "Marriage and Family Program" (MFP) reduced clannishness, making Western Europeans more analytic and individualistic, leading to various intermediating institutions and trust in abstract rules. In the final section, "Birthing the Modern World," Henrich specifically challenges the "rationalist" view that modern Western institutions resulted from reason triumphing over religious dogma. Instead, he argues that these institutions are the accidental byproduct of specific policies of the Catholic Church that dismantled Europe’s kin-based institutions. Without clan backing, the Church left nuclear families isolated and vulnerable, forcing them to innovate to survive and, ultimately, create the modern world. == Reception ==

In The Week, the book was billed as "a work of dazzling ambition ... Henrich goes to great pains to back [his arguments] up with a huge variety of 'data points' and statistics." Andrew Wilson of The Gospel Coalition dubbed the book "sweeping, polymathic, counterintuitive, and provocative. In a number of places, it looks like Henrich is shoehorning facts into his theory ... but he hits far more than he misses ... the splutters of incredulity you experience are more than made up for by the breadth and chutzpah of the narrative." Wilson compared it with the work of N. T. Wright. Wilson had also discussed the Philip Jenkins book Fertility and Faith (which makes a different argument), and described it as "more focused" than The WEIRDest People in the World. Hilton Root, Professor of Public Policy at George Mason University, said that despite "jumping from the fifth century to the High Middle Ages ... the book makes a significant contribution to the study of what makes the West unique and will be a landmark of early twenty-first-century social science." Pauline Grosjean, Professor in the School of Economics at University of New South Wales, noted in Science that marriage age has varied over time and that the colonies of the U.S. and Australia (places with abundant land) saw a sharp drop in marriage age among migrating 19th century Europeans; she described this as evidence against Henrich's suggestion that the Church's marriage prohibitions explain the Europeans' propensity for late marriage, Razib Khan wrote that "Henrich's engrossing narrative is filled with neat facts and insightful theories. The sequence of coincidences and correlations across history, psychology, and anthropology make for compelling reading." Khan said the author "makes a strong case that the Christian Church's MFP was the cause for the transformation of Western European society during the medieval period. ... But the second half of the book is arguably much more tendentious, as the author attempts to answer the great riddle of economic historians, the 'great divergence' between the West and the rest." Nicholas Guyatt of The Guardian anticipated that scholars would point out the uneven effects of the church's "marriage and family programme" across time and space; the Protestant church accepting cousin marriage more than its Catholic rival; and the increase in cousin marriage across many European societies in the 17th and 18th centuries. Guyatt also said the book insufficiently discusses the wrongs of the west, overly stereotypes non-WEIRD societies, lacks insight into the phenomenon of non-Europeans carrying ideas and practices; and emphasizes "the supposedly discrete nature of culture and [the] virtues of 'weird' thinking" almost to the point of endorsing social Darwinism. Henrich said that the book aims to fill the void often used by white supremacists (the absence in public discourse of scientific explanations for global diversity) with a deep "explanation for these patterns, and how off-the-mark those claiming genetics or 'superior' cultures are." The journalist Coleman Hughes has also referenced Henrich's book when criticizing hereditarianism and discussing the impact of culture on psychology. Brysbaert (2026) remarked that Henrich's book fails to mention that among the WEIRD people, those from English-speaking countries are often seen as the standard, against which others are compared. He proposed to use the term WEIRDES people (from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic and English-Speaking countries) to refer to the English centricity of much psychological research. == References ==