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Thelma & Louise

Thelma & Louise is a 1991 American buddy comedy-drama film directed by Ridley Scott and written by Callie Khouri. The film stars Geena Davis and Susan Sarandon as Thelma and Louise, two friends who embark on a road trip that ends up in unforeseen circumstances. The supporting cast includes Harvey Keitel, Michael Madsen, Christopher McDonald, and Brad Pitt. Filming took place in California and Utah from June to August 1990.

Plot
Friends Thelma Dickinson and Louise Sawyer set out for a weekend vacation at a fishing cabin. Thelma, a housewife, is married to disrespectful and controlling carpet salesman Darryl, while sharp-tongued Louise works as a waitress. When Louise arrives to pick her up, Thelma confesses she was too timid to ask Darryl if she could go. So, she left him a note instead, as he has already left for work. Thelma has packed Darryl's gun in her purse and shows it to Louise, who admonishes her for bringing it. The pair stops at a roadhouse bar. The waitress brings them drinks paid for by Harlan, a regular at the bar. Thelma is happy to have the attention of a man other than Darryl so dances with him, despite Louise's disapproval. When Thelma says she feels sick, Harlan takes her outside to the parking lot and tries to rape her. Louise intervenes with Darryl's gun and threatens to shoot him. As Thelma and Louise walk away, Harlan yells that he should have continued the rape, causing Louise to fatally shoot him in a fit of rage. The two women immediately drive off. Thelma wants to go to the police, but Louise fears that no one will believe a claim of attempted rape, as Thelma was seen drinking and dancing with Harlan and they would be facing a murder charge. She tells Thelma she is going to flee to Mexico. At a gas station, Thelma calls Darryl, who demands that she come home immediately. She tells him off and lets Louise know she is coming to Mexico. J.D., a handsome and charming young drifter, approaches the women asking for a lift out west, and a reluctant Louise allows it when Thelma takes a liking to him. Louise contacts her non-committal musician boyfriend Jimmy, asking him to wire her life savings to her, without saying why. Jimmy surprises Louise by delivering the money in person. He becomes angry in the hotel room when she does not answer his questions, and she goes to leave. Jimmy then apologizes and gives Louise a diamond ring, prompting her to question his timing. They spend the night together. Meanwhile, J.D. talks his way into Thelma's room. She learns he is a convicted armed robber who has violated his parole. They make love, the first time Thelma has had an enjoyable sexual experience. The following morning, Louise tells Jimmy she will not marry him. Jimmy leaves, devastated. Thelma later tells her about her night with J.D. Louise panics when she realizes Thelma left him alone with the money, so the women run to the room, discovering he has stolen Louise's savings and fled. Louise is distraught, so a guilt-ridden Thelma takes charge, later robbing a nearby convenience store using tactics she learned from J.D. The FBI closes in on the duo after witnesses at the bar identify Louise's 1966 Ford Thunderbird convertible. Led by Arkansas State Police Investigator Hal Slocumb, the police question J.D. and tap into the phone line at Darryl's house. Slocumb sympathizes with the pair's situation and understands why they did not report Harlan's killing. During a few brief phone conversations with Louise, Hal expresses his concerns but is unable to persuade her to surrender. Later, Thelma and Louise are pulled over by a New Mexico state trooper for speeding. Knowing he will soon discover they are wanted for murder and armed robbery, Thelma holds him at gunpoint and locks him in the trunk of his police car. Driving further west, they encounter a foul-mouthed truck driver who repeatedly makes obscene gestures at them. They pull over and demand an apology from him. When he refuses, they fire at his fuel tanker, causing it to explode. The FBI locates the women, who lead them on a high-speed chase. They are finally cornered, only 100 yards from the edge of the Grand Canyon. Hal arrives on the scene, but the women refuse his last attempt to talk them into surrendering. Rather than be captured, Thelma proposes that they "keep going". They kiss and hold hands as Louise steps on the gas and, as Hal desperately pursues them on foot, they accelerate over the cliff. ==Cast==
Production
Development The idea for Thelma & Louise originated in early 1988 when Callie Khouri, then a music video producer, was driving home from work to her apartment in Santa Monica. She spent the following six months working on her first screenplay, which drew inspiration from her own experience and her friendship with country music singer Pam Tillis. She had intended it to be a low-budget independent film, directed by herself and produced by fellow music video producer Amanda Temple (wife of British filmmaker Julien Temple). Meryl Streep and Goldie Hawn then offered to play the leads, but Streep dropped out due to scheduling conflicts, while Hawn was not considered right for the part (a year later, in Death Becomes Her, Hawn and Streep played the lead roles). Geena Davis (who had been pursuing the lead role for nearly a year) and Susan Sarandon were ultimately chosen. The two took extensive driving and shooting lessons in preparation for their roles. Christian Slater, River Phoenix, George Clooney, Robert Downey Jr., Mark Ruffalo, Dylan McDermott, Filming Principal photography for Thelma & Louise began on June 11, 1990, and concluded on August 31, 1990. Parts of the film were also shot at Shafer Overlook, Monument Valley, La Sal Mountains, La Sal Junction, Cisco, Old Valley City Reservoir, Thompson Springs, Arches National Park, and Crescent Junction in Utah. Of filming his love scenes with Davis, Pitt said that it was awkward being nearly naked with everybody standing. ==Release==
Release
Thelma & Louise was screened out of competition as the closing film at the 1991 Cannes Film Festival. Theatrical release was delayed due to financial turmoil at MGM-Pathé. The film eventually opened in American theaters on May 24, 1991 Home media The film was released on VHS on January 8, 1992 by MGM/UA Home Video. It proved especially successful in the home video market; with 380 000 copies being shipped throughout the United States, it became the most rented movie of 1992. In February 2023, The Criterion Collection announced the film would be joining the collection in May that year. ==Reception==
Reception
Upon release, Thelma & Louise received largely positive reviews, which several publications described as "rave". Janet Maslin of The New York Times had only praise for the film in her review: Roger Ebert also praised the film, writing, "What sets Thelma & Louise aside from the great central tradition of the road picturea tradition roomy enough to accommodate Easy Rider, Bonnie and Clyde, Badlands, Midnight Run and Rain Manis that the heroes are women this time: Working-class girlfriends from a small Arkansas town, one a waitress, the other a housewife, both probably ready to describe themselves as utterly ordinary, both containing unexpected resources." He added, "This film shows a great sympathy for human comedy", and "Sarandon and Davis find in Callie Khouri's script the materials for two plausible, convincing, lovable characters. And as actors they work together like a high-wire team, walking across even the most hazardous scenes without putting a foot wrong." However, Ebert deducted half a star from his four-star review on the basis of "the last shot before the titles begin. It's a freeze frame that fades to white, which is fine, except it does so with unseemly haste .... It's unsettling to get involved in a movie that takes 128 minutes to bring you to a payoff that the filmmakers seem to fear." The film also received harsh criticism from those who thought it was biased against men and that its depictions of men were unfairly negative. In response to these criticisms, Maslin and Khouri claimed that Thelma & Louise was being subjected to a double standard, as unethical behavior in male-driven road movies had not provoked a similar level of backlash. On Metacritic, the film received a score of 88 based on 12 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale. The film placed second to The Silence of the Lambs as the best film of 1991 in a poll of 81 critics. Accolades American Film InstituteAFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers - #78 • AFI's 100 Years…100 Heroes and Villains - #24 • AFI's 100 Years…100 Thrills - #76 The British Film Institute published a book about the film in 2000 as part of a Modern Classics series. On the Writers Guild of America Award's list of 101 best screenplays released in 2006, it made No.72. ==Legacy==
Legacy
The final scene, where the title characters embrace before driving off a cliff, has become iconic. video game "Easter eggs", and as a tragic ending to television series, music videos, and commercials. After the film's release, there were reports of a few incidents where people appeared to copy Thelma and Louise's ending by driving off the edge of the Grand Canyon. After watching the film, singer-songwriter Tori Amos wrote "Me and a Gun", the story of her rape several years earlier. Feminism Many critics and writers have remarked on the strong feminist overtones of Thelma & Louise. Film critic B. Ruby Rich praises the film as an uncompromising validation of women's experiences, while Kenneth Turan calls it a "neo-feminist road movie". Jessica Enevold argues that the film constitutes "an attack on conventional patterns of chauvinist male behavior toward females". In addition, it "exposes the traditional stereotyping of male–female relationships" while rescripting the typical gender roles of the road movie genre. In her review for the Los Angeles Times, film critic Sheila Benson objected to the characterization of the film as feminist, arguing that it is more preoccupied with revenge and violence than feminist values. In an article commemorating the film's 20th anniversary in 2011, Raina Lipsitz of The Atlantic called it "the last great film about women" and said that it heralded the achievements of women that caused 1992 to become "the year of the woman". However, she also said that women-themed films have since been losing ground. ==Stage adaptation==
Stage adaptation
In early 2021, it was announced that Khouri was adapting the film as a stage musical alongside Halley Feiffer, with original songs by Neko Case, and Trip Cullman attached to direct. In January 2023, a workshop reading was held starring Amanda Seyfried and Evan Rachel Wood. ==Notes==
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